Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-14 (0-.5)

A

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay loam; weak, medium, granular to fine subangular blocky; friable to firm; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; rootlets; charcoal;

14-71 (.5-2.3)

AC

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) clay loam to silty clay loam; mottles are few, coarse, black (10YR2/1); weak, medium, subangular blocky to massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; coarse, black mottles at base (slightly granular); rootlets common; few roots; charcoal.

71-229 (2.3-7.5)

CA

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) clay loam to silty clay loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, light brownish gray (10YR6/2); weak, medium, granular to massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few rootlets; 50% recovery.

229-405 (7.5-13.3)

C

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) clay loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, light brownish gray (10YR6/2); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; more dense than C1; shell fragments; gastropod and mollusk shells; few vertical roots, some plant matter; very faint bedding; alluvial.

405-442 (13.3-14.5)

2Cg

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay loam; mottles are common, medium, distinct, dark reddish brown (5YR3/3); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; many mollusk shells, some coarse; few gastropod shells; wood; some charcoal; small to medium pebbles common; charcoal collected near top of unit; few sand partings near top; roots; possible channel deposit.

442-497 (14.5-16.3)

3CAb

very dark gray (5Y3/1) clay loam to silty clay loam; mottles are few, coarse, distinct, black (10YR2/1) at base; common, medium, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6); fine subangular blocky peds, more apparent with depth; friable; very slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; plant matter including wood, plant fibers, and roots; shell fragments.

497-512 (16.3-16.8)

4Ob

similar to 3CAb only darker, more organic; much wood; abrupt to clear lower boundary; shell fragments; peaty; cf. Picea sp. wood, possibly a root, C-14 dated at 10,080±70 BP.

512-701 (16.8-23.0)

5Cg1

very dark gray (5Y3/1) silt loam to silty clay loam; laminations are common, fine to medium, distinct, gray (5Y5/1); massive; friable; very slightly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tube); laminated; grades between silt loam and silty clay loam; few clay-rich laminations near base; lacustrine.

701-1158 (23.0-38.0)

6Cg2

very dark gray (5Y3/1) clay; massive; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); fractured, with shiny fracture surfaces; sticky; very few light brownish gray (10YR6/2) powdery mottles; black at top; almost no pebbles (very few); lacustrine.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-20 (0-.7)

A

black (10YR2/1) silty clay loam; weak, fine, subangular blocky; friable to firm; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; roots.

20-42 (.7-1.4)

AC

black (10YR2/1) silty clay loam; mottles are common, medium to coarse, distinct, grayish brown (10YR5/2); weak, fine, subangular blocky; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; rootlets; resembles A-horizon but with C-horizon colored mottles.

42-91 (1.4-3.0)

C1

grayish brown (10YR5/2) silt loam to silty clay loam; mottles are few, coarse, distinct, black (10YR2/1) at top of unit, and common, fine, faint, pale brown (10YR6/3); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; grades between silt loam and silty clay loam; rootlets common; alluvial.

91-381 (3.0-12.5)

C2

grayish brown and pale brown (10YR5/2&6/3) silt loam to silty clay loam; massive; clay coatings are faint, thin, discontinuous, line few voids near top of unit; friable; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; finely laminated; grades between silt loam and silty clay loam; cross-bedded laminations near base ( 300-375 cm); very few shell fragments near base; alluvial.

381-494 (12.5-16.2)

2C3

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) clay loam; mottles are common, fine, faint, dark brown (7.5YR3/4) to strong brown (7.5YR4/6); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few mollusk shells; bone at 408 cm; few laminated silt layers in transition zone at top; few small pebbles; more pebbles near base; coarsens with depth; fractured into blocks generally oriented horizontally; alluvial.

494-555 (16.2-18.2)

2C4

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) silty clay loam to clay loam; mottles are few, fine, faint, dark brown (7.5YR3/2) to dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few silt lenses near base of unit; few small pebbles; laminated near base; alluvial.

555-796 (18.2-26.1)

3Cg

laminated dark gray (5Y4/1) and gray to light gray (5Y6/1) changing to very dark gray (5Y3/1) silt loam to silty clay loam; massive; friable to firm; strongly to slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; finely laminated (dark and light layers); light layers are more silt-rich; few very dark gray clay layers; some black (10YR2/1) laminations (may be organic-rich); laminations less prevalent below 760 cm - mostly very dark gray (5Y3/1) silty clay loam; gastropod shells in last 75 cm; uppermost 5 cm are darker than rest of unit - may be a weak paleosol; lacustrine.

796-860 (26.1-28.2)

4CAb

very dark gray (10YR3/1) silty clay loam; weak, fine, subangular blocky grading upwards to massive; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; gastropod shells; plant matter collected 796-808 cm and 860-872 cm; wood collected 811 cm and 872 cm; organic-rich, especially near base; may be shallow or ponded lacustrine; Picea sp. wood from 811 cm C-14 dated at 10,140±70 BP;

860-872 (28.2-28.6)

5Ob

similar to 4CAb only darker, more organic; more wood; peaty; wood pieces and seed fragments C-14 dated at 10,180±70 BP.

872-1058 (28.6-34.7)

6Cg1

laminated dark gray to very dark gray (5Y4/1-3/1) and gray (5Y5/1) silt loam to silty clay loam; massive; friable to firm; very slightly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; weakly laminated; fine sand at top grading to silt loam and silty clay loam; similar to 3Cg; lacustrine.

1058-1189 (34.7-39.0)

7Cg2

black to very dark gray (5Y2.5/1-3/1) clay; massive; very firm; very slightly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); highly fractured into angular blocks; shiny; blacker at top; less fractured below 1130 cm; almost no pebbles (very few); few lenses of lighter silty clay loam near top - lenses are not fractured; few roots; lacustrine.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-12 (0-.4)

A

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; moderate, medium, granular; firm; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; roots; rootlets; few pebbles.

12-47 (.4-1.5)

Bt

black (10YR2/1) clay-rich clay loam; moderate, fine, subangular blocky; clay coatings are thin, discontinuous, coat ped faces; firm; very slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; rootlets; borderline AB horizon.

47-87 (1.5-2.9)

CB

grayish brown to dark grayish brown (10YR5/2-4/2) clay loam; mottles are common, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2), and few, medium to coarse, distinct, black (10YR2/1); weak, fine, subangular blocky in middle of unit, massive elsewhere; clay coatings are thin, discontinuous, coat few ped faces; firm; violently effervescent; gradual lower boundary; band of black soil from 52-54 cm.

87-131 (2.9-4.3)

C1

dark brown (10YR3/3) clay loam; mottles are common, medium, distinct, white (10YR8/2); massive; firm; violently effervescent; clear lower boundary; laminated; silt laminations common; disturbed in coring; few rootlets; either alluvial or weathered lacustrine sediments.

131-552 (4.3-18.1)

2C2

brown to dark brown (10YR4/3) silty clay loam; mottles are common, medium, distinct, dark brown (7.5YR3/2) and strong brown (7.5YR4/6), and common, coarse, faint, gray (10YR5/1); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; few rootlets; laminated; many silt laminations; oxidized laminations common; often gray (10YR5/1) surrounding root voids; can see ripples in few silt laminations; laminations are pale brown (10YR6/3), strong brown (7.5YR4/6), and light gray to gray (10YR6/1); few concretions; lacustrine.

552-899 (18.1-29.5)

2Cg1

dark gray (10YR4/1) silty clay; massive; firm; strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; laminated; silt laminations common; upper boundary very diffuse; few oxidized laminations near top of unit; silt laminations are often grayish brown (10YR5/2); slickensides; more clay-rich with depth; silty clay loam top 50-100 cm; lacustrine.

899-1494 (29.5-49.0)

2Cg2

dark gray (10YR4/1) clay; massive; firm; slightly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); not laminated; slickensides; some fracturing.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-13 (0-.4)

AC

very dark gray (10YR3/1) silty clay loam; weak, fine, granular to massive; friable; slightly to strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary (color change); few small pebbles; few rootlets; poorly developed; 72% recovery.

13-66 (.4-2.2)

C1

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam; mottles are few, medium, faint, strong brown (7.5YR4/6); massive; friable; slightly to strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few large roots; rootlets; few faint laminations; overwash/alluvium; 72% recovery.

66-183 (2.2-6.0)

C2

very dark gray (10YR3/1) silty clay loam; mottles are common, fine, faint, strong brown (7.5YR4/6); massive; friable; slightly to strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; some plant matter (grasses/roots/wood); piece of wood at base; similar to C1 and C3; overbank/alluvium; 72% recovery.

183-256 (6.0-8.4)

C3

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam; mottles are few, coarse, faint, very dark gray and black (10YR3/1-2/1), and common, fine, faint, strong brown (7.5YR4/6); massive; friable; slightly to strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; similar to C1; some conchoidal fracturing; roots and rootlets; few faint laminations; 90% recovery; overbank/alluvium.

256-838 (8.4-27.5)

2C4

dark grayish brown (2.5Y4/2) silt loam to silty clay loam; mottles are common, medium, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6), and few, medium, distinct, yellowish brown (10YR5/4), dark brown (7.5YR3/2), very pale brown (10YR7/3), and gray (10YR5/1); massive; friable to firm; strongly to slightly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; laminated; laminated silt lenses common at top; oxidized laminations common; white silts coat fractures and vertical planes below 600 cm; silt laminations throughout; lacustrine.

838-1079 (27.5-35.4)

2Cg1

dark gray (5Y4/1) silty clay loam; massive; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; laminated; silt laminations common, often gray (10YR5/1) and calcareous; slickensides; some fracturing; lacustrine.

1079-1524 (35.4-50.0)

2Cg2

very dark gray (10YR3/1) silty clay to clay; mottles are very few, medium, distinct, pale brown (10YR6/3); massive; firm; slightly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); not laminated; slickensides; some fracturing; shiny.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-21 (0-.7)

A

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; weak, medium, granular; firm; noneffervescent; abrupt lower boundary; rootlets; 85% recovery.

21-61 (.7-2.0)

Bt1

black (10YR2/1) clay loam (clay-rich); mottles are few, coarse, faint, very dark gray (10YR3/1); strong, fine, subangular blocky; clay coatings are thick, continuous, coat peds; very firm; slightly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; rootlets; vertical rootlets common; shiny ped surfaces; 80% recovery.

61-85 (2.0-2.8)

Bt2

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) clay loam; few, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2), soft calcareous concretions; moderate, medium, subangular blocky; clay coatings are thick, discontinuous, coat peds, more prevalent at top of unit; very firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; few rootlets; peds are shiny from clays; 80% recovery.

85-186 (2.8-6.1)

CBk

dark grayish brown (2.5Y4/2) clay loam; many, medium to coarse, distinct, white (10YR8/2), soft calcareous concretions; weak, coarse, subangular blocky; friable to firm; very strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; transitional horizon; few rootlets.

186-594 (6.1-19.5)

C1

brown to dark brown (10YR4/3) silty clay loam; mottles are common, medium, faint to distinct, grayish brown (10YR5/2), light gray (10YR7/2), and strong brown (7.5YR4/6); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; laminated; silt laminations common; oxidized mottles and laminations; fractured along bedding planes; lacustrine.

594-658 (19.5-21.6)

C2

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) silty clay; mottles are common, fine to medium, faint, gray (10YR5/1); massive; firm; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; transitional unit; laminated; dense; lacustrine.

658-1204 (21.6-39.5)

2Cg

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay; massive; very firm; slightly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); few silty light brownish gray (10YR6/2) mottles; slickensides common; some fracturing; not laminated; grades into a silty clay near base of boring.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-16 (0-.5)

A

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; mottles are few, coarse, faint, very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2); weak, medium, granular; firm; slightly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; root mat on top; rootlets; few worm burrows.

16-44 (.5-1.4)

Bt1

black (10YR2/1) clay-rich silty clay loam to silty clay; mottles are few, coarse, faint, very dark gray (10YR3/1); weakly developing columnar peds parting to moderate to strong, fine, subangular blocky; clay coatings are thick, continuous, coat peds; very firm; very slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; common rootlets and roots.

44-58 (1.4-1.9)

Bt2

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay-rich silty clay loam to silty clay; mottles are few, fine, faint, black (10YR2/1); moderate, medium, subangular blocky; clay coatings are thick, continuous, coat most peds; very firm; very slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few rootlets.

58-146 (1.9-4.8)

BCk

very dark gray and black (10YR3/1-2/1) clay loam; few, medium, distinct, light brownish gray (10YR6/2), soft calcareous concretions; massive to weak, medium, subangular blocky; firm; strongly effervescent; mottles are violent; gradual lower boundary.

146-250 (4.8-8.2)

C1

dark brown (10YR3/3) silty clay loam; mottles are common, medium, distinct, white (10YR8/1), and common, fine to medium, faint, strong brown (7.5YR4/6) and gray (10YR5/3); massive; clay coatings are thin, discontinuous, coat fracture surfaces in clay-rich bands; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; faintly laminated; some fracturing into angular blocks in more clay-rich zones; lacustrine.

250-399 (8.2-13.1)

C2

brown to dark brown (10YR4/3) silty clay loam; mottles are common, coarse, faint, gray (10YR5/1), and common, medium, faint to distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6) and very pale brown (10YR7/3); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; laminated; many silt laminations; oxidized mottles; concretions; lacustrine.

399-475 (13.1-15.6)

C3

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) silty clay loam; mottles are common, fine, faint, dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4) near top of unit; massive; silt coatings are moderately thick, discontinuous, coat vertical fracture faces; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; laminated; many silt laminations; transitional unit; lacustrine.

475-625 (15.6-20.5)

2C4

dark grayish brown to very dark grayish brown (10YR4/2-3/2) silty clay; massive; silt coatings are moderately thick, coat vertical fractures and infill fractures and voids; firm to very firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; not laminated; white silts infilling fractures; slickensides; dense; very few small pebbles.

625-1204 (20.5-39.5)

2Cg

very dark gray (10YR3/1) silty clay to clay; massive; very firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); few silty, light brownish gray (10YR6/2) mottles; slickensides; dense; very few small pebbles.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-9 (0-.3)

A

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; weak, fine, granular; firm; noneffervescent; clear lower boundary; rootlets; roots.

9-22 (.3-.7)

AB

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; weak, medium, granular; very firm; noneffervescent; clear lower boundary; more clay-rich than A; roots; rootlets.

22-40 (.7-1.3)

Bt1

black (10YR2/1) clay-rich clay loam; mottles are few, coarse, faint, very dark gray (10YR3/1) at base of horizon; weak, fine, columnar parting to moderate, fine, subangular blocky; clay coatings are thick, continuous, coat peds and fill pore spaces; very firm; very slightly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; rootlets; shiny.

40-67 (1.3-2.2)

Bt2

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay loam to silty clay loam; mottles are few, coarse, faint, black (10YR2/1); weak, fine, subangular blocky; clay coatings are moderately thick, discontinuous, coat peds; firm; slightly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; rootlets; derived from overwash.

67-105 (2.2-3.4)

CB

dark grayish brown to dark brown (10YR4/2-3/3) silty clay loam; mottles are common, coarse, faint, very dark gray (10YR3/1); weak, fine to medium, subangular blocky; clay coatings are moderately thick, discontinuous, coat peds; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; few rootlets; structure stronger at top of unit; derived from lacustrine sediments.

105-177 (3.4-5.8)

Ck

dark grayish brown to olive brown (2.5Y4/2-4/4) silty clay loam; mottles are common, medium, faint, gray (10YR5/1) and strong brown (7.5YR4/6); common, medium, prominent, white (10YR8/2), soft calcareous concretions; massive; firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; faintly laminated; few rootlets; lacustrine.

177-369 (5.8-12.1)

C1

olive brown (2.5Y4/4) silty clay loam; mottles are common, medium, faint to distinct, gray (10YR5/1), strong brown (7.5YR4/6), pale brown (10YR6/3), and few dark brown (7.5YR3/2); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; laminated; silt laminations common; few oxidized laminations; few concretions; few rootlets; lacustrine.

369-607 (12.1-19.9)

C2

brown to dark brown (10YR5/3-3/3) silty clay loam to silty clay; mottles are few, medium, faint, dark brown (7.5YR3/2); massive; silt coatings are white, distinct, coat few large fracture surfaces and infill few fractures; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; laminated; silt laminations common; some fracturing; darker with depth; denser with depth; often rootlets on fracture surfaces; lacustrine.

607-664 (19.9-21.8)

2C3

dark brown (10YR3/3) clay; massive; very firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; not laminated; slickensides; shiny fracture surfaces; dense; few small pebbles.

664-1204 (21.8-39.8)

2Cg

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay; massive; very firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); not laminated; dense; slickensides; few small pebbles; few brown (10YR5/3) silty mottles.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-9 (0-.3)

AC

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam; weak, fine, granular to massive; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; very weakly developed soil in top half of unit; silt is coarse; recent sediment.

9-24 (.3-.8)

2AC

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam; moderate, fine, granular; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; roots; grasses; silt is coarse; structure is weaker near base.

24-48 (.8-1.6)

2CA

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam; mottles are few, coarse, faint, very dark gray (10YR3/1) at base; massive (fractured into angular blocks); firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; roots; laminated near base.

48-808 (1.6-26.5)

2C

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam to clay loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2), calcareous; massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; mostly silty clay loam; few flecks of charcoal; rootlets; few gastropod shells; shell fragments; few faint laminations; some fracturing; alluvial.

808-1189 (26.5-39.0)

2Cg

very dark gray (10YR3/1) silty clay loam to clay loam, unit appears slightly bluish in color; mottles are few, fine, faint, black (10YR2/1); massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); few mollusk and gastropod shells; more dense than overlying units; few roots; alluvial.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-24 (0-.8)

AC

very dark grayish brown to very dark gray (10YR3/2-3/1) clay loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6); weak, medium, granular to massive; friable; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary (color change); rootlets; few small pebbles; few fine laminations near base; 74% recovery.

24-168 (.8-5.5)

C1

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) loam; mottles are few, coarse, faint, very dark gray (10YR3/1) and dark gray (5Y4/1); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; grades between sandy clay loam, loam, and silt loam as sediment grades between coarse silt and very fine sand; few shell fragments; mollusk shells; few roots; rootlets; 74% recovery; alluvial.

168-512 (5.5-16.8)

C2

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) sand-rich silty clay loam to silt loam; mottles are common, medium, distinct, dark brown (7.5YR3/2-3/4); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; occasionally grades into loam or sandy clay loam as silt grades into very fine sand; few sand partings; few shell fragments; few faint laminations; 74% recovery; alluvial.

512-920 (16.8-30.2)

Cg1

very dark gray (10YR3/1) sand-rich silty clay loam to silt loam; mottles are few, medium, distinct, brown (10YR5/3) near top of unit; massive; friable; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; slightly more clay-rich than C2 (both are near silt loam to silty clay loam boundary); grades between silt loam and loam as silt coarsens into very fine sand; few rootlets; few shell fragments; few faint laminations; grades into silty clay loam occasionally; alluvial.

920-1487 (30.2-48.8)

Cg2

very dark gray (5Y3/1) silt loam to silty clay loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, black (10YR2/1); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; more dense than Cg1; faintly laminated; few shell fragments; gastropod shells; few sand partings; few rootlets; greenish with depth; wood collected from 1231-1234 cm; alluvial.

1487-1524 (48.8-50.0)

2Cg3

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay; massive; firm; slightly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); few laminations; slickensides; shiny in more clay-rich zones; some fracturing; few silt laminations; lacustrine - deep water or off-shore facies.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-12 (0-.4)

AC

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam; massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; roots common; 80% recovery.

12-33 (.4-1.1)

2A

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay loam; mottles are few, fine, faint, very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2); massive to weak, medium, granular; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few pebbles; many roots; 80% recovery.

33-53 (1.1-1.7)

2C

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam; mottles are few, coarse, faint, very dark gray (10YR3/1); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; roots common; few faint laminations; 80% recovery; alluvial.

53-91 (1.7-3.0)

3BAb

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam; weak to moderate, medium, subangular blocky to very weak prismatic; oxidation coatings are thin, moderately continuous, dark red to dark reddish brown (2.5YR3/6-2.5/4), coat ped faces; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; faintly laminated; roots common; slightly darker in color than overlying horizon; 80% recovery; alluvial.

91-158 (3.0-5.2)

4CA

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam; weak, medium, granular to fine subangular blocky; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; cumulic; few laminations; rootlets common; alluvial.

158-579 (5.2-19.0)

4C

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) sand-rich silty clay loam to silt loam; mottles are common, fine, faint, brown to dark brown (7.5YR4/4-3/4), and few, medium, distinct, black (10YR2/1); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; faintly laminated; few rootlets; few shell fragments; gastropod shells; alluvial.

579-899 (19.0-29.5)

5Cg1

very dark gray (5Y3/1) silty clay loam to clay loam; mottles are few, fine, faint, black (10YR2/1), and very few, fine, distinct, brown (10YR5/3); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; faintly laminated; more dense than 4C; few rootlets; few shell fragments; alluvial.

899-1524 (29.5-50.0)

6Cg2

very dark gray (5Y3/1) clay; mottles are few, fine, distinct, gray (10YR5/1), silty; massive; very firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); slickensides; some fracturing; few small to medium pebbles; not laminated; lighter in top 30 cm; irregular lens of silt loam from 1075-1090 cm; lacustrine - deep water or off-shore facies.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-4 (0-.1)

A

black (10YR2/1) silty clay loam; weak, medium, granular to massive; friable to firm; slightly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; few roots; very thin horizon - sediment may have washed in from higher ground.

4-64 (0.1-2.1)

C1

brown (10YR5/3) silt loam; mottles are common, fine, distinct, dark brown to strong brown (7.5YR3/2-4/6); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; finely laminated; laminations often end in angular unconformities; few oxidized laminations; lacustrine - near-shore or shoreline facies.

64-137 (2.1-4.5)

C2

brown to grayish brown (10YR5/3-2.5Y5/2) silty clay loam; mottles are common, fine to medium, distinct, dark brown (7.5YR3/2) and strong brown (7.5YR4/6); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tube); laminated; silt laminations common; fracturing; many oxidized mottles; few small to medium pebbles.

137-183 (4.5-6.0)

C3

olive brown (2.5Y4/4) silt loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, dark brown (7.5YR3/2); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; finely laminated; few very fine sand laminations; many angular unconformities in laminations; lacustrine - near-shore or shoreline facies.

183-308 (6.0-10.1)

C4

brown to dark brown (10YR4/3) silty clay loam; mottles are common, fine, distinct to faint, dark brown (7.5YR3/2) and dark grayish brown (10YR4/2); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; laminated; silt laminations common, often light yellowish brown (10YR6/4); few oxidized laminations; fewer laminations near base; lacustrine.

308-396 (10.1-13.0)

Cg1

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) silty clay loam to silty clay; mottles are few, medium, faint, gray (10YR5/1); massive; firm; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few silt laminations; vertical fracture faces coated with white (10YR8/1) silt; rootlets on fracture faces; few slickensides; lacustrine.

396-1509 (13.0-49.5)

2Cg2

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay; massive; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); slickensides common; some fracturing; dense; few gray (10YR5/1) silty/clayey clasts; not laminated; lacustrine - deep water or off-shore lacustrine.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-14 (0-.5)

Ap

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; moderate, medium, granular; firm; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; many rootlets; few pebbles; 90% recovery.

14-39 (.5-1.3)

AB

black (10YR2/1) clay-rich silty clay loam; weak to moderate, fine, subangular blocky; clay coatings are moderately thick, moderately continuous, coat peds; firm; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few omnidirectional rootlets; shiny; blacker than A horizon; 90% recovery.

39-134 (1.3-4.4)

CB

light brownish gray (10YR6/2) silt loam; mottles are few, coarse, distinct, very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2); weak, medium to coarse, subangular blocky; friable; violently effervescent; clear lower boundary; few omnidirectional rootlets; 90% recovery; lacustrine - shoreline or near-shore facies.

134-204 (4.4-6.7)

C1

dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4) silt loam; mottles are common, fine, distinct, strong brown to dark reddish brown (7.5YR4/6-5YR3/4); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; gradual, conformable lower boundary; laminated - clearly at top, faintly in rest of unit; oxidized mottles; fractured along bedding planes at top.

204-479 (6.7-15.7)

C2

brown to brown to dark brown (10YR5/3-4/3) silty clay loam; mottles are common, fine, distinct, strong brown and dark brown (7.5YR4/6&3/2), and common, medium, faint, gray (10YR5/1); massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; laminated; oxidized mottles; few small to medium pebbles; few lenses of laminated silts; grades into silt loam occasionally; lacustrine.

479-582 (15.7-19.1)

C3

brown to dark b rown (10YR4/3) silty clay loam; mottles are common, fine, distinct, strong brown and dark brown (7.5YR4/6,3/2); massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; abrupt, unconformable lower boundary; laminated; laminations are skewed and rotated (as much as 90º - from horizontal to vertical); changes in angle are often abrupt; disturbance zone - probably post-deposition; lacustrine.

582-649 (19.1-21.3)

Cg1

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay; massive; firm; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; laminated (horizontally); near vertical laminations from C3 unit end abruptly on horizontal laminations of Cg, but color change is more gradual; silt laminations often light brownish gray (10YR6/2); more dense and more clay-rich than C2 and C3; few slickensides; lacustrine.

649-1524 (21.3-50.0)

2Cg2

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay; massive; very firm; slightly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); dense; shiny; not laminated; slickensides common; few light brownish gray (10YR6/2), fine, silty mottles; very few small to medium pebbles; lacustrine - deep water or off-shore facies.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-20 (0-.7)

A

black (10YR2/1) sandy loam; weak, fine, granular to massive; friable; noneffervescent; clear lower boundary; massive near base; sand is very fine to fine; rootlets; 78% recovery.

20-36 (.7-1.2)

CA

black (10YR2/1) loamy sand; massive to single grain; very friable to loose; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few rootlets; 78% recovery.

36-152 (1.2-5.0)

C1

dark brown (10YR3/3) fine sand to loamy sand; massive to single grain; very friable to loose; strongly to violently effervescent; clear lower boundary; few rootlets; darker, more dense, clay-rich band from 143-146 cm; 78% recovery.

152-189 (5.0-6.2)

C2

grayish brown (10YR5/2) loamy sand; mottles are common, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2); massive; very friable; strongly to violently effervescent; clear lower boundary; 50% recovery.

189-290 (6.2-9.5)

C3

brown (10YR5/3) very fine sand; single grain; loose; strongly to violently effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tube); 50% recovery.

290-299 (9.5-9.8)

2CA

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) sandy loam; massive; very friable; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; more moisture than in surrounding horizons; shale at base; few oxidation coatings (strong brown [7.5YR4/6]).

299-341 (9.8-11.2)

2C1

grayish brown (10YR5/2) fine to medium sand; single grain; loose; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; faintly laminated; shell fragments; few oxidized mottles; root near base; fining upwards sequence; alluvial.

341-460 (11.2-15.1)

3C2

very dark gray (10YR3/1) fine to medium sand; mottles are few, coarse, faint, black (10YR2/1); single grain; loose; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; organic-rich; many rootlets; Salix sp. wood collected from 433-436 cm, C-14 dated at 2,840±40 BP; coarser/blacker near base; small pebbles common near base; stone line at base; shells; fining upwards sequence; alluvial.

460-579 (15.1-19.0)

4C3

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) sandy loam diamicton; massive; friable; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tube); borderline with sandy clay loam; small to medium pebbles common; dense; few oxidized coatings (dark yellowish brown [10YR4/6]); pebbles are rounded; till.

579-594 (19.0-19.5)

stone line (boulder in driller’s notes).

594-625 (19.5-20.5)

4C4

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) sandy loam diamicton; massive; friable; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few grasses collected from top; small to medium pebbles common; pebbles are rounded; bedded near base.

625-637 (20.5-20.9)

5C5

grayish brown (10YR5/2) fine sand; single grain; loose; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; sand lens.

637-652 (20.9-21.4)

6C6

dark gray (10YR4/1) sandy loam diamicton; massive; friable; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; borderline with sandy clay loam; small pebbles common; some bedding; sand lens/inclusion at 645 cm; till.

652-680 (21.4-22.3)

7C7

grayish brown (10YR5/2) fine sand; mottles are few, fine, distinct, dark yellowish brown (10YR4/6); single grain; loose; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; sand lens.

680-732 (22.3-24.0)

8Cg

very dark gray (10YR3/1) sandy clay loam diamicton; massive; firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); many small to medium pebbles; few small cobbles; clasts are rounded; oxidized coatings in top half are strong brown (7.5YR4/6); fractured angularly; dense; till.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-14 (0-.5)

A

black (10YR2/1) sandy loam; weak, fine, granular to single grain; very friable; noneffervescent; abrupt lower boundary; roots; rootlets; worm burrows.

14-32 (.5-1.0)

CA

very dark brown (10YR2/2) loamy sand; single grain; loose; noneffervescent; clear lower boundary; rootlets.

32-56 (1.0-1.8)

C

dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4) fine sand; mottles are common, fine, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6); single grain; loose; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; rootlets; slightly loamy top 14 cm; worms; alluvium.

56-91 (1.8-3.0)

2C1

light gray (10YR7/2) sandy clay loam diamicton; mottles are common, fine, faint, white (10YR8/1), and few, fine, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6); massive; firm; violently effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; hard when dry; pebbles common; few cobbles; rootlets; fractured; dense; weathered till.

91-323 (3.0-10.6)

2C2

brown to yellowish brown (10YR5/3-5/4) sandy loam diamicton; mottles are common, fine to medium, faint, strong brown (10YR4/6-5/6); massive; friable to firm; violently effervescent; clear lower boundary; fractures into platy blocks with oxidized coatings (strong brown [7.5YR5/6]); pebbles common; few cobbles; hard when dry; cobbles at base; dense; oxidized till.

323-619 (10.6-20.3)

2Cg1

dark gray to dark grayish brown (10YR4/1-4/2) sandy loam diamicton; massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; small to medium pebbles common; few sand lenses; dense; borderline with sandy clay loam; till.

619-732 (20.3-24.0)

2Cg2

dark gray (10YR4/1) sandy loam diamicton; massive; friable; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); more sand than 2Cg1; sand lenses common; small to medium pebbles common; few large pebbles and cobbles; sand is fine to coarse; till.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-12 (0-.4)

A

very dark brown (10YR2/2) sandy loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, brown (10YR5/3); weak, fine, granular; very friable; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; many rootlets; roots.

12-20 (.4-.7)

AC

dark brown (10YR3/3) sandy loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, black (10YR2/1), and common, fine, distinct, brown (10YR5/3); weak, fine, subangular blocky to massive; friable; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; rootlets.

20-30 (.7-1.0)

C

brown (10YR5/3) sandy loam; mottles are common, fine, distinct, black (10YR2/1); massive; friable; violently effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; few pebbles; rootlets; recent sediment.

30-47 (1.0-1.5)

2A

black (10YR2/1) sandy loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, brown (10YR5/3); weak, fine, subangular blocky to massive; very friable; slightly effervescent; mottles are strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; rootlets; few pebbles.

47-92 (1.5-3.0)

2AC

black to very dark brown (10YR2/1-2/2) sandy loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6); massive; very friable; very slightly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; few laminations; rootlets; few foots; not as loamy as 2A.

92-128 (3.0-4.2)

2CA

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) loamy sand; massive to single grain; very friable to loose; very slightly effervescent; gradual lower boundary.

128-149 (4.2-4.9)

3AC

black (10YR2/1) sandy loam; mottles are few, fine, faint, brown (10YR5/3), sandy; massive to weak, fine, subangular blocky; very friable; very slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary.

149-165 (4.9-5.4)

3C1

dark brown (10YR3/3) sandy clay loam to sandy loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, black (10YR2/1) massive to single grain; very friable to loose; very slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; oxidized; few rootlets.

165-204 (5.4-6.7)

3C2

yellowish brown (10YR5/4) loamy sand; mottles are few, fine, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6); single grain; loose; very slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; oxidized; sand is very fine; small pebbles common; few medium pebbles; few rootlets.

204-235 (6.7-7.7)

3C3

grayish brown (10YR5/2) very fine sand; single grain; loose; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; coarse sand at base.

235-320 (7.7-10.5)

4C4

grayish brown (10YR5/2) sandy loam diamicton; mottles are common, medium, distinct, yellowish brown (10YR5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR4/6); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; few laminations; small to medium pebbles common; oxidized mottles; weathered till, may be alluvially reworked.

320-347 (10.5-11.4)

4C5

grayish brown (10YR5/2) sandy loam diamicton; mottles are common, medium, distinct, strong brown and dark brown (7.5YR4/6 and 3/2); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary (color change); dense; small to medium pebbles common; oxidized mottles; some fracturing; till.

347-613 (11.4-20.1)

4Cg1

dark gray (10YR4/1) sandy loam diamicton; massive; friable; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; dense; small to medium pebbles common; few cobbles; borderline with sandy clay loam; few sand lenses; till.

613-747 (20.1-24.5)

4Cg2

very dark gray (10YR3/1) sandy clay loam diamicton; massive; firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); very dense; hard when dry; small to medium pebbles common; few large pebbles and cobbles; till.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-9 (0-.3)

A

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay loam; mottles are few, medium, faint, gray (10YR5/1) near base; weak, medium, granular to massive; friable to firm; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; roots; weakly developed horizon; few small pebbles; gastropod shells.

9-60 (.3-2.0)

C1

grayish brown (10YR5/2) sandy clay loam; mottles are few, coarse, gray (10YR5/1) and very dark gray (10YR3/1), and few, medium, distinct, white (10YR8/2); massive; friable to firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few sand lenses; grades into sandy loam near base; rootlets; few laminations; alluvial.

60-110 (2.0-3.6)

C2

grayish brown (10YR5/2) clay loam; mottles are common, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2), and common, coarse, faint, gray (10YR5/1); massive; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; grades into silty clay loam near top and sandy clay loam near base; few laminations; alluvial.

110-277 (3.6-9.1)

C3

grayish brown (10YR5/2) clay loam; mottles are common, fine to medium, distinct, white (10YR8/2), and few, medium, faint, gray (10YR5/1); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; few sand lenses; few rootlets; charcoal flecks; borderline with silty clay loam; alluvial.

277-421 (9.1-13.8)

C4

dark gray (10YR4/1) clay loam; mottles are many, fine, faint, dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4-3/4), and very few, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; few laminated sand lenses; few small pebbles; pebbles common in last 10 cm; more clay-rich from 305-330 cm; alluvial.

421-439 (13.8-14.4)

2C5

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) coarse sand; massive to single grain; friable to loose; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; coarse mottles of dark gray (10YR4/1) clay-rich sediment; small pebbles common; alluvial.

439-747 (14.4-24.5)

3Cg

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay; mottles are few, fine, distinct, light brownish gray (10YR6/2) silty; massive; very firm; very slightly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); highly fractured into angular blocks with shiny faces; few small pebbles; very few rootlets; slickensides common; fracture blocks more common near top of unit - probably not peds (too angular/often fractured conchoidally); blacker near top.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-12 (0-.4)

A

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; weak, medium, granular; friable; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; many roots and rootlets.

12-116 (.4-3.8)

CA

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) clay loam; mottles are many, fine to coarse, distinct, black (10YR2/1); massive to weak, fine, subangular blocky; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few laminations; roots; lens of organic fibers; may be a cumulic horizon; 60% recovery.

116-158 (3.8-5.2)

C1

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) clay-rich loam; mottles are common, medium, faint, black (10YR2/1); massive; friable; slightly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; not dense; few rootlets; alluvial.

158-381 (5.2-12.5)

C2

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) sandy loam to sandy clay loam; mottles are common, fine, faint, dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4), and few, medium, distinct, black (10YR2/1); massive; friable; slightly to strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; mostly sandy loam, but grades into sandy clay loam sometimes, especially near base; few sand lenses; sand is fine to very fine; few shell fragments; few rootlets; few organic lamellae; alluvial.

381-479 (12.5-15.7)

Cg1

very dark gray (10YR3/1) sandy loam to sandy clay loam; mottles are few, medium, distinct, black (10YR2/1); massive; friable; slightly to strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few rootlets; faintly laminated; few shell fragments; gastropod shells; alluvial.

479-515 (15.7-16.9)

Cg2

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay loam; massive; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; transitional unit; more clay-rich than Cg1; multiple sand lenses; sand ranges from very fine to coarse; pebbles common near base; wood/roots collected from 503 cm, C-14 dated at 3,240±50 BP; rootlets; alluvial.

515-732 (6.9-24.0)

2Cg3

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay; mottles are few, fine, distinct, light brownish gray (10YR6/2); massive; very firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); dense; fractured, especially near top; slickensides common; few small pebbles; darker and more dense near top.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-12 (0-.4)

A

black (10YR2/1) silty clay loam; weak, fine, granular; friable; slightly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; strong root mat; few large roots; 80% recovery.

12-33 (.4-1.1)

AC

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) clay loam; mottles are many, fine, faint, black (10YR2/1); weak, fine, granular; firm; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; rootlets common; roots; 80% recovery.

33-433 (1.1-14.2)

C

brown to dark brown (10YR4/3) clay; mottles are common, coarse, distinct, dark gray (10YR4/1), and few, fine, distinct, light brownish gray (10YR6/2), silty; massive; very firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; dense; some fracturing; few fractures infilled with white silts (non-calcareous); few small pebbles; few rootlets in top few cm; slickensides; grayer with depth.

433-747 (14.2-24.5)

Cg

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay; mottles are few, fine, distinct, light brownish gray (10YR6/2), silty; massive; very firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); dense; slickensides; few pebbles; less dense/more fractured from 479-503 cm.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-9 (0-.3)

AC

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) sandy loam; weak, medium, granular; friable; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; rootlets; few small pebbles.

9-22 (.3-.7)

C1

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) sandy loam to loamy sand; massive; friable; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; dense; few small cobbles; few rootlets; few pebbles.

22-131 (.7-4.3)

C2

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) loamy sand to fine sand; mottles are common, coarse, distinct, very dark gray (10YR3/1); massive to single grain; friable to loose; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary (color change); laminated; few very dark gray (10YR3/1) seams; sand is fine to very fine; few rootlets; some fracturing along bedding planes; recent alluvium.

131-213 (4.3-7.0)

Cg

very dark gray to dark gray (10YR3/1-4/1) sandy loam; mottles are common, coarse, distinct, black (10YR2/1); massive; friable; slightly to strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; some organic matter; lenses containing plant matter (wood/stems/roots); sand ranges from fine to medium; sand lens from 162-168 cm; lag of gastropod shells at 168 cm; some wood/roots collected from near base; few laminations near top; alluvial.

213-259 (7.0-8.5)

2C

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) gravel; single grain; loose; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); coarse sand in matrix; mostly small to medium pebbles; few large pebbles and small cobbles; clasts are mostly rounded; last 5-10 cm have finer sand matrix and fewer pebbles - possibly the top of a new unit; but it is unclear; refused at 259 cm; alluvial.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-10 (0-.3)

A

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; moderate, medium, granular; friable; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few small pebbles; rootlets; strong root mat on top.

10-101 (.3-3.3)

CA

black (10YR2/1) clay-rich silty clay loam to clay loam; mottles are lighter and darker shades of black; massive to weak, medium, angular blocky; very firm; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; many rounded, small to medium pebbles; few angular clasts; very dense and hard; many rootlets; few laminations.

101-162 (3.3-5.3)

2C

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) silty clay loam to clay loam; mottles are common, fine to coarse, distinct, black (10YR2/1); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; faintly laminated; few rootlets.

162-180 (5.3-5.9)

3ACb

black (10YR2/1) silty clay loam; mottles are common, medium, distinct, dark grayish brown (10YR4/2); weak, medium, granular; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few roots; omnidirectional rootlets; piece of wood/bark(?) collected from 174 cm.

180-238 (5.9-7.8)

3C

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam; mottles are common, medium, distinct, black (10YR2/1), and common, medium to coarse, faint, dark yellowish brown (10YR4/6) and dark grayish brown (10YR4/2); massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; few roots; few black seams; some fracturing into fine blocks in more clay-rich zones; piece of wood at base.

238-247 (7.8-8.1)

4Ab

black (10YR2/1) loam to clay loam; weak, fine to medium, granular; friable; very slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; many roots - some collected.

247-308 (8.1-10.1)

4ACb

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay loam; mottles are many, coarse, faint, black (10YR2/1), and common, coarse, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6); massive; friable; slightly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary (color change); faintly laminated; roots common.

308-351 (10.1-11.5)

4C1

gray (5Y5/1) silt loam to sandy loam; mottles are few, fine, faint, olive (5Y5/3); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; horizontal roots common; few rounded pebbles; few sand lenses; pebbles more common near top; reworked till.

351-381 (11.5-12.5)

4C2

light brownish gray (10YR6/2) silt to silt loam; mottles are few, coarse, distinct, yellowish brown (10YR5/4) massive; very friable; strongly to violently effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; silt is coarse, bordering on fine sand; fine sand lens at base; few small pebbles; few rootlets; reworked till.

381-427 (12.5-14.0)

5C3

grayish brown (2.5Y5/2) sandy loam to sandy clay loam diamicton; massive; firm; strongly to violently effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); small to medium pebbles common; few large pebbles/small cobbles; dense; till.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-12 (0-.4)

A

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; mottles are few, medium, faint, very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2); moderate, medium, granular at top; firm; slightly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; weaker structure near base; dense lower half; few small pebbles; roots.

12-88 (.4-2.9)

C1

dark brown (10YR3/3) clay-rich silty clay to clay loam; mottles are few, medium, distinct, brown to dark brown (7.5YR4/4) and black (10YR2/1), and common, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/1); massive (highly fractured); very firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; unit is fractured into angular blocks; block faces are shiny and some contain slickensides - probably not ped faces; few rootlets; few oxidized mottles; till.

88-287 (2.9-9.4)

C2

yellowish brown (10YR5/4) clay loam diamicton; mottles are common, medium, distinct, gray (10YR5/1) and dark brown (7.5YR3/2), and common, fine to coarse, faint, pale brown (10YR6/3); massive; firm; very strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; small to medium pebbles, common to many; few large pebbles; oxidized mottles; more clay-rich in top 20-30 cm; darker near top; till.

287-399 (9.4-13.1)

C3

brown (10YR5/3) clay loam diamicton; mottles are many, fine to coarse, faint, light yellowish brown (10YR6/4), and common, medium, faint to distinct, gray (10YR5/1) and white (10YR8/1); massive; firm; strongly to violently effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; more heavily mottled than C2; small to medium pebbles, common to many; few large pebbles; clasts include carbonates and exotics; clasts of sandy loam included in unit; sandier than C2; till.

399-436 (13.1-14.3)

2C4

very pale brown (10YR7/3) very fine sand; single grain; loose; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; faintly bedded; lower horizon disturbed in coring.

436-442 (143-145)

3C5

brown (10YR5/3) sandy clay loam diamicton; massive; firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); many small pebbles; borderline with sandy loam; sand is fine; till (different unit than C1-C3).

442-472 (14.5-15.5)

no recovery; refused at 472 cm.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-12 (0-.4)

A

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam to clay loam; mottles are common, medium, distinct, grayish brown (10YR5/2); weak, fine, subangular blocky to massive; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; root mass at top; few small pebbles; 80% recovery.

12-31 (.4-1.0)

CB

grayish brown (2.5Y5/2) silty clay loam; mottles are few, fine to medium, faint to distinct, very dark gray (10YR3/1), dark yellowish brown (10YR3/4), and pale brown (10YR6/3); weak, medium, subangular blocky to massive; clay coatings are thin, discontinuous, coat ped faces; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; worm burrows filled with black sediment; 80% recovery.

31-149 (1.0-4.9)

C1

grayish brown (10YR5/2) silt loam to silty clay loam; mottles are common, coarse, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6) and yellowish brown (10YR5/6); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; laminated; many oxidized laminations; silt laminations common; few pebbles; angular bedding; lacustrine.

149-302 (4.9-9.9)

C2

grayish brown (10YR5/2) silty clay loam; mottles are common, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/1), and common, medium to coarse, distinct, dark reddish brown (5YR3/3) and light yellowish brown (10YR6/4); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; laminated; few silt laminations; few oxidized laminations; oxidized mottles; pipestems and concretions; lacustrine.

302-1204 (9.9-39.5)

Cg

very dark gray (10YR3/1) silty clay; massive; firm; very slightly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); oxidized mottles (strong brown [7.5YR4/6] and dark yellowish brown [10YR4/4]) in top 150 cm; few, thin silty laminations; occasionally grades into clay; fewer laminations with depth; lacustrine, deeper water facies than C1 horizon represents.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-8 (0-.3)

Ap1

black (10YR2/1) silty clay loam; moderate, medium, granular; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; grasses; roots; few small rounded pebbles; silt-rich; dense.

8-98 (.3-3.2)

Ap2

mottled black (10YR2/1) and brown (10YR5/3) loam; massive; friable; violently effervescent; clear lower boundary; many small rounded pebbles; very hard when dry; extremely dense; few rootlets; may be fill; 37% recovery.

98-110 (3.2-3.6)

CA

dark gray (10YR4/1) silty clay loam; mottles are common, coarse, faint and distinct, grayish brown (10YR5/2) and black (10YR2/1); massive; firm; violently effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; very dense; slightly laminated; silt-rich; recent sediment.

110-143 (3.6-4.7)

2ACb

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silt loam to silty clay loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2); weak, fine, subangular blocky to massive; clay coatings are moderately thin, discontinuous, coat some peds in middle of unit; friable; slightly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; few roots; few shell fragments; charcoal; 66% recovery.

143-180 (4.7-5.9)

2C1

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silt loam to silty clay loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2); massive; friable; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few roots; few shell fragments; charcoal; few laminations; alluvial; 66% recovery.

180-411 (5.9-13.5)

3C2

brown (10YR5/3) silty clay loam to silty clay; mottles are common, coarse, distinct, dark gray (10YR4/1); common, medium, faint, strong brown (7.5YR4/6); and common, fine to medium, distinct, white (10YR8/2) and dark brown (7.5YR3/2); massive; clay coatings are thick, discontinuous, dark gray (10YR4/1), coat few fracture surfaces; firm; slightly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; oxidized mottles; few vertical rootlets; partly laminated; lacustrine.

411-1173 (13.5-38.5)

3Cg

dark gray (10YR4/1) silty clay; mottles are few, coarse, faint, dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4) near top of unit, and few, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2); massive; firm; slightly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); unoxidized; few thin laminations; few laminations are white (10YR8/2) or brown (10YR5/3) and silty; more clay-rich with depth; fewer laminations with depth; lacustrine.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-8 (0-.3)

A1

black (10YR2/1) clay loam to silty clay loam; moderate, medium, granular; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; many rootlets; roots.

8-22 (.3-.7)

A2

black (10YR2/1) clay loam to silty clay loam; moderate, fine, subangular blocky; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; many rounded pebbles; rootlets common.

22-40 (.7-1.3)

AB

black (10YR2/1) silty clay; mottles are few, medium, distinct, brown (7.5YR5/2) and pale brown (10YR6/3); weak to moderate, medium, angular blocky; clay coatings are thin, moderately continuous, coat ped faces; very firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; very dense; few roots; omnidirectional rootlets; few pebbles.

40-122 (1.3-4.0)

C1

grayish brown (10YR5/2) silt loam; mottles are few, coarse, faint, very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2), and common, fine, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6); massive; friable; violently effervescent; gradual lower boundary; few roots; omnidirectional rootlets; laminated near base; some oxidized laminations; dense at top; lacustrine.

122-344 (4.0-11.3)

C2

grayish brown (10YR5/2) silty clay loam; mottles are common, fine to coarse, faint to distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6), brownish yellow (10YR6/6), and white (10YR8/1); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; laminated; many silt laminations; oxidized laminations and mottles; rootlets; fractured in more clay-rich zones; few concretions; lacustrine.

344-1189 (11.3-39.0)

Cg

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) silty clay; mottles are common, medium to coarse, faint to distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6) and dark gray (10YR4/1) near top; massive; clay coatings are moderately thick, discontinuous, dark gray (10YR4/1), coat few fracture surfaces near top of unit; firm; slightly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); oxidized mottles down to 550 cm; laminated; few silty laminations; few rootlets at top; grayer with depth, 5YR4/1 at base; lacustrine.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-28 (0-.9)

A

black (10YR2/1) silty clay loam; moderate, medium, granular; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; roots; rootlets; wood; few pebbles; top half has coarser structure than lower half.

28-58 (.9-1.9)

Acum

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam; mottles are many, medium to coarse, distinct, grayish brown (10YR5/2); weak, fine, granular to massive; friable to firm; strongly to violently effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; packets of laminated silts; roots; wood; recent sediment.

58-107 (1.9-3.5)

2ACb

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam; mottles are very few, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2); weak, fine, granular to weak, fine, subangular blocky; friable; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; few roots; omnidirectional rootlets; appears to be buried by recent sediment.

107-329 (3.5-10.8)

2C

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam; mottles are common, fine, faint, dark brown (7.5YR3/4), and few, fine, faint, grayish brown (10YR5/2); massive; clay coatings coat pebbles at base; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; oxidized mottles; mollusk shells; shell fragments; many medium-sized, rounded pebbles at base; charcoal fragments collected from base, 323-329 cm; poorly laminated; omnidirectional rootlets; alluvial; 70-80% recovery.

329-1173 (10.8-38.5)

3Cg

very dark gray (5Y3/1) silty clay; laminations are few, fine, distinct, grayish brown (10YR5/2), and mottles are few, medium, faint, dark brown (10YR3/3) at top of horizon; massive; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); unoxidized; few thin laminations; laminations are often grayish brown (10YR5/2) and silty; conchoidal fractures in more clay-rich zones; very few laminations below 840 cm; lacustrine.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-97 (0-3.2)

Acum

very dark grayish brown to very dark gray (10YR3/2-3/1) clay loam; mottles are many, fine to coarse, distinct, very pale brown to pale brown (10YR7/3-6/3); medium granular to fine subangular blocky; firm; violently effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; cumulic horizon; more developed soils, 22-27 cm and 53-61 cm; many omnidirectional rootlets; grasses; roots.

97-131 (3.2-4.3)

2Btb

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; mottles are few, coarse, faint, very dark gray (10YR3/1); moderate, medium, angular blocky; clay coatings are thin, discontinuous, coat ped faces; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few small pebbles; omnidirectional rootlets; very hard when dry.

131-165 (4.3-5.4)

2Btkb

clay loam to silty clay loam; mottles are few, medium, distinct, light gray (10YR7/2); weak, fine, subangular blocky; clay coatings are distinct, thick, shiny, moderately continuous, coat ped faces; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; increased clay content; soft carbonate-rich concretions; few omnidirectional rootlets; few small pebbles; small piece of bone.

165-183 (5.4-6.0)

2BCkb

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) clay-rich silty clay loam to clay loam; mottles are few, medium, distinct, very pale brown (10YR8/3); weak, medium, subangular blocky to massive; firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; few soft carbonate-rich concretions.

183-253 (6.0-8.3)

2Ck

grayish brown to light olive brown (2.5Y5/2-5/4) silt loam to silty clay loam; mottles are few, coarse, distinct, very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) at top, and many, fine, faint, very pale brown (10YR7/3); massive; friable; violently effervescent; gradual lower boundary; faint bedding; may be alluvially reworked lacustrine sediments.

253-594 (8.3-19.5)

3C1

brown (10YR5/3) silt loam; mottles are common, medium to coarse, distinct, strong brown to dark brown (7.5YR4/6-3/2), and few, medium, distinct, yellowish brown (10YR5/6) and light gray (10YR7/2); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; laminated; fractures along bedding planes; oxidized mottles and laminations; silt laminations common; many angular unconformities in fine silt laminations; few carbonate pebbles (in discrete beds); many silty clay loam laminations; some Mn oxides coating few fracture surfaces; more clay-rich near base; lacustrine.

594-893 (19.5-29.3)

3C2

brown (10YR5/3) silty clay loam; mottles are few, medium, distinct, very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2); massive; silt coatings are white (10YR8/1), distinct, coat vertical, curved fracture faces and infill few other fractures (more common at top of unit); friable to firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; laminated; fractured into coarse blocks in some areas; few oxidized mottles near top of unit (strong brown [7.5YR4/6]); silt laminations common; lacustrine.

893-1189 (29.3-39.0)

3Cg

very dark gray (5Y3/1) silty clay loam; massive; firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); laminated; silt laminations common, often light brownish gray to grayish brown (10YR6/2-5/2); occasional angular unconformities in silt laminations; lacustrine.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-42 (0-1.4)

A

black (10YR2/1) clay loam to silty clay loam; strong, medium, granular to fine subangular blocky; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; roots; rootlets; very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) at base; 80% recovery.

42-81 (1.4-2.7)

AB

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) clay loam to silty clay loam; mottles are few, medium, distinct, white (10YR8/1), carbonate-rich, and many, fine to medium, faint, black (10YR2/1); weak, medium, subangular blocky; clay coatings are thin, discontinuous, coat ped faces in lower half of unit; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; rootlets; more clay-rich near base; 80% recovery.

81-180 (2.7-5.9)

Btk

black and very dark gray (10YR2/1-3/1) silty clay; mottles are common, medium, distinct, white (10YR8/1); moderate, medium, subangular blocky parting to fine subangular blocky; clay coatings are thick, shiny, continuous, coat ped faces and fill pore spaces; very firm; slightly effervescent; mottles are violently effervescent; gradual lower boundary; soft carbonate-rich concretions; few omnidirectional rootlets; color alternates between black and very dark gray every 20 to 30 cm; color shifts may relate to depositional beds; 80% recovery.

180-271 (5.9-8.9)

Ck

grayish brown to light olive brown (2.5Y5/2-5/4) silty clay loam to silt loam; mottles are many, fine, faint, white (10YR8/2), and common, medium, faint, dark gray (10YR4/1); massive; friable to firm; violently effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; laminated; few rootlets; grayer (10YR5/2) at top; may be alluvially reworked lacustrine sediments.

271-302 (8.9-9.9)

2C1

grayish brown to light olive brown (2.5Y5/2-5/4) silty clay loam; mottles are common, fine, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6) and white (10YR8/2); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; laminated; few oxidized laminations; silt laminations common, often very pale brown (10YR8/3); lacustrine.

302-472 (9.9-15.5)

2C2

brown (10YR5/3) silty clay loam; mottles are common, coarse, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6) and grayish brown (10YR5/2); massive; clay coatings are distinct, discontinuous, grayish brown (10YR5/2), coat few fracture surfaces; firm; strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; oxidized mottles; few medium-sized weathered pebbles; pipestems; concretions; fractured conchoidally into medium to coarse blocks; sparsely laminated; few silt laminations; oxidized root voids; lacustrine(?).

472-492 (15.5-26.0)

2C3

brown (10YR5/3) silty clay loam; mottles are few, medium, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6) and dark brown (7.5YR3/2); massive; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; oxidized mottles; laminated; silt laminations common; Mn oxides; ripples in several ailt laminations, approximately 1 cm from crest to crest; oxidized root voids; lacustrine.

792-820 (26.0-26.9)

2Cg1

dark gray (10YR4/1) silty clay loam to coarse silt; massive; firm to friable; slightly to strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; 24 cm of silty clay loam over 3 cm of coarse silt; silty clay loam is massive and coarsely fractured with no laminations; few laminations in lowermost silty clay loam and in coarse silt; fining upwards sequence possibly from an underwater debris flow(?).

820-835 (26.9-27.4)

2Cg2

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) silty clay loam to fine sand; massive; firm to friable; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; laminated silty clay loam in top 9 cm with laminated sand/coarse silt in lower 6 cm; band of gypsum(?) 2 mm thick on lower boundary; lacustrine.

835-881 (27.4-28.9)

2Cg3

dark gray (10YR4/1) silty clay loam to coarse silt; massive; firm to friable; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; similar to 2Cg1; non-laminated silty clay loam on top of laminated silt loam and silt; possibly a fining upwards sequence(?); lacustrine.

881-1061 (28.9-34.8)

2Cg4

very dark gray (10YR3/1) silty clay loam; massive; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; laminated; silt laminations, light brownish gray (10YR6/2) and common; between 939 cm and 951 cm, laminations are swirled (resembles soft sediment deformation features from turbidity currents); lacustrine.

1061-1204 (34.8-39.5)

2Cg5

very dark gray (10YR3/1) silt loam to silty clay; massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); laminated; unit grades between silty clay and silt loam every 30-50 cm; fractured in clay-rich zones; lacustrine.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-7 (0-.2)

C

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam; massive; firm; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; laminated; recent sediment; grayish brown (10YR5/2) laminations.

7-42 (.2-1.4)

2Acum

black (10YR2/1) silty clay loam to clay loam; mottles are few, medium, faint, dark grayish brown (10YR4/2); moderate, medium, granular; firm; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; few silt lenses; rootlets; cumulic; slightly massive at top.

42-76 (1.4-2.5)

2AC

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam; mottles are common, medium to coarse, faint, very dark gray (10YR3/1); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; cumulic horizon; rootlets; laminations; few bands with weak subangular blocky structure.

76-98 (2.5-3.2)

3Ab

black (10YR2/1) clay-rich loam; mottles are few, fine, faint, dark grayish brown (10YR4/2); weak, medium, subangular blocky; friable; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; less dense than surrounding units; disturbed in coring; rootlets.

98-138 (3.2-4.5)

3ACb

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) clay-rich loam; mottles are common, fine, faint, grayish brown (10YR3/2), and few, coarse, faint, black (10YR2/1); massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; cumulic horizon; silt lenses; faintly laminated.

138-259 (4.5-8.5)

3C1

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam to clay loam; mottles are common, fine to medium, faint, grayish brown (10YR5/2); massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; laminated; rootlets; silt lenses; few fine sand lenses; charcoal; silt is coarse, bordering on fine sand; alluvial.

259-762 (8.5-25.0)

3C2

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam to clay loam; mottles are common, fine, faint, grayish brown (10YR5/2), and common, coarse, faint, gray (10YR5/1); massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; few faint laminations; gastropod shells; few rootlets; charcoal collected from 287 cm; silt is occasionally coarse, bordering on fine sand; few silt/fine sand lenses; few lenses of sandy loam, including several between 675 cm and 762 cm that contain mollusk and gastropod shells and shell fragments; some zones of silt loam; alluvial.

762-1033 (25.0-33.9)

3Cg

dark gray (2.5Y4/0) silt loam to loam; massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; gastropod and mollusk shells common; several lenses of sandy clay loam; rootlets; some plant matter including roots, seeds(?), leaves, and wood(?) - some collected; at least one large (3 cm across) mollusk - collected at 966 cm; clay-rich end of silt loam and loam - some silty clay loam and clay loam; faint laminations; several fine to medium sand lenses; 2 large pieces of wood, sand, and shells at base of horizon; alluvial; cf. Lauraceae wood from 1006-1015 cm C-14 dated at 1,280±70 BP; Ulmaceae (Celtis sp. or Ulmus sp. possible) wood from 1027 cm C-14 dated at 1,260±80.

1033-1189 (33.9-39.0)

4C

brown (10YR5/3) silty clay loam; mottles are common, medium, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6); laminations are often grayish brown (10YR5/2) or silty and white (10YR8/1); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); few weathered pebbles near top; laminated (laminations are at oblique angles - core may be crooked); few silt laminations; few oxidized laminations; some fracturing; few slickensides; possible "clod" of lacustrine sediment reworked into alluvium or erosional remnant.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-12 (0-.4)

C

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) sandy clay loam; massive; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; laminated; sand lenses; few rootlets; laminations are pale brown (10YR6/3); recent sediment.

12-30 (.4-1.0)

2Ap

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; massive; firm; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; fractured into medium angular blocks; more dense than underlying units; rootlets.

30-174 (1.0-5.7)

2Acum

very dark grayish brown to black (10YR3/2-2/1) clay loam; weak, fine, subangular blocky to massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; many pale brown (10YR6/3) sand laminations; more developed soil from 40-80 cm (still has a few sand lenses); more cumulic below 80 cm; rootlets; roots; 60-80% recovery; borderline sandy clay loam.

174-253 (5.7-8.3)

2C1

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) sandy clay loam to loam; massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; finely laminated; fine sand laminations common; sand is very fine, bordering on coarse silt; laminations are often pale brown (10YR6/3); 60% recovery; alluvial.

253-701 (8.3-23.0)

2C2

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) clay loam to silty clay loam; mottles are few, coarse, faint, dark gray (10YR4/1); massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; faintly laminated; silt is coarse, occasionally grading into fine sand; few more clay-rich lenses; gastropod and mollusk shells; few lenses of sandy clay loam near base - lenses contain more shell fragments; alluvial.

701-1006 (23.0-33.0)

2Cg1

dark gray (5Y4/1) clay-rich silt loam to loam; massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; few clay-rich bands; gastropod and mollusk shells; some sandy clay loam bands often containing medium sand and many shells; silt is coarse, bordering on fine sand; faintly laminated; alluvial.

1006-1189 (33.0-39.0)

2Cg2

dark gray (2.5Y4/0) sandy clay loam to clay loam; massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); many silty clay loam bands, up to 10 cm thick; many gastropod and mollusk shells in sandier zones; faintly laminated; few carbonized rootlets; darker than 2Cg1; alluvial.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-17 (0-.6)

A1

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay loam; weak, medium, granular; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; many roots and rootlets.

17-28 (.6-.9)

A2

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay loam; moderate, fine, angular blocky; clay coatings are thin, discontinuous, coat few peds near base; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; many rootlets; dense.

28-46 (.9-1.5)

BA

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; weak, fine, prismatic parting to moderate, fine, angular blocky; clay coatings are moderately thick, discontinuous, coat ped faces; firm; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; rootlets; much blacker than surrounding horizons; few roots.

46-82 (1.5-2.7)

BC

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay loam; mottles are few, very fine, faint, dark brown (7.5YR3/4); weak, fine, angular blocky; clay coatings are thin, discontinuous, coat ped faces; firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; rootlets; dense at top.

82-762 (2.7-25.0)

C

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam to clay loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, light gray (10YR7/2), carbonate-rich; massive; firm; strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; few omnidirectional rootlets; few gastropod shells; shell fragments; some conchoidal fractures in more clay-rich zones; changes to very dark gray (10YR3/1) around 580 cm (more unoxidized); few pockets of clay; siltier at top; alluvial.

762-1049 (25.0-34.4)

Cg1

dark gray (5Y4/1) clay loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, very dark gray (2.5Y3/0); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; shell fragments; gastropod shells; charcoal; charcoal collected 829-847 cm; alluvial.

1049-1420 (34.4-46.6)

Cg2

dark gray (5Y4/1) silty clay loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, very dark gray (2.5Y3/0) and gray (5Y5/1); massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; conchoidally fractured into large blocks (2-4 cm in diameter); clay coatings on some vertical faces with slickensides; gastropod and mollusk shells; few pockets of silt loam; few large roots; last 20 cm contains many shells, few small pebbles and woody roots (some collected); alluvial; cf. Fraxinus sp. wood from 1408-1420 cm C-14 dated at 4,070±80 BP.

1420-1481 (466-48.6)

2Cg3

dark gray (5Y4/1) sandy clay loam; massive; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; many small pebbles; many gastropod and mollusk shells; some of unit is oxidized, but it is probably post-extraction; charcoal - some collected; alluvial.

1481-1493 (48.6-49.0)

3Cg4

dark gray (5Y4/1) silty clay loam; massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); similar to Cg2 unit; alluvial.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-10 (0-.3)

A

dark gray to dark grayish brown (10YR4/1-4/2) clay loam; weak, medium, granular; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; roots.

10-32 (.3-1.0)

CA

dark gray to dark grayish brown (10YR4/1-4/2) clay loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, light gray (10YR7/1); massive to weak, fine to medium, subangular blocky; clay coatings are thick, discontinuous, coat ped faces near base; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary (color change); amount of clay varies every 5-10 cm; structure is more prevalent in clay-rich zones; part of a cumulic sequence.

32-50 (1.0-1.6)

2A

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, light gray (10YR7/1); weak, medium, granular to weak, fine to medium, subangular blocky; clay coatings are thick, discontinuous, coat ped faces; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few rootlets; more clay-rich than surrounding horizons; developed in a cumulic sequence.

50-76 (1.6-2.5)

2CAk

dark gray (10YR4/1) clay loam; many, coarse, distinct, light gray (10YR7/1), soft calcareous concretions; weak, fine, subangular blocky to massive; clay coatings are thick, discontinuous, coat ped faces; firm; strongly to violently effervescent; clear lower boundary; mottles dominate characteristics; few rootlets; developed in a cumulic sequence.

76-122 (2.5-4.0)

3ABkb

black to very dark gray (10YR2/1-3/1) clay loam; common, coarse, distinct, light gray (10YR7/1), soft calcareous concretions; weak, fine, subangular blocky to massive; clay coatings are moderately thick, discontinuous, coat some ped faces; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; alternating bands of mottled clay loam and more clay-rich black clay loam every 10-20 cm; developed in a cumulic sequence.

122-168 (4.0-5.5)

3CBkb

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) silty clay loam; mottles are common, fine, distinct, light brownish gray (10YR6/2); weak, coarse, subangular blocky; clay coatings are thin, discontinuous, coat ped faces and line root voids; friable to firm; strongly to violently effervescent; gradual lower boundary; few black mottles at top.

168-207 (5.5-6.8)

3C1

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) silty clay loam; mottles are common, fine, faint to distinct, dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4) and light brownish gray (10YR6/2); massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; some fracturing near base.

207-610 (6.8-20.0)

4C2

brown (10YR5/3) silty clay loam; mottles are common, medium to coarse, faint, yellowish brown (10YR5/4) and light brownish gray (10YR6/2), and few, fine, distinct, dark brown (7.5YR3/4); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; fractured along bedding planes at top; laminated; silt laminations and oxidized laminations common; some angular unconformities in laminations; few oxide concretions; lacustrine.

610-1494 (20.0-49.0)

4Cg

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) silty clay; mottles are common, medium to coarse, faint, dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4) at top of unit; massive; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); some fracturing; many fracture surfaces near top coated with white (10YR8/1) silt; laminated; some silt laminations; few oxidized laminations near top; color changes to very dark gray (10YR3/1) by 870 cm; few zones of silty clay loam; lacustrine.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-14 (0-.5)

A

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; moderate, medium, granular; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; many roots; gastropod shells.

14-78 (.5-2.6)

CAk

dark brown (10YR4/1) clay loam; mottles are common, coarse, distinct, light gray (10YR7/2), calcareous; weak, fine, subangular blocky; clay coatings are thick, discontinuous, coat ped faces; firm; strongly to violently effervescent; clear lower boundary; alternating bands of black, more clay-rich sediments every 15 to 20 cm (bands are 5-10 cm thick, have stronger structure and few mottles); rootlets; roots; cumulic horizon.

78-134 (2.6-4.4)

2ABkb

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; few, medium, distinct, light gray (10YR7/2), soft calcareous concretions; weak, fine to medium, subangular blocky; clay coatings are thick, discontinuous, coat ped faces; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; clear, irregular lower boundary; clay-content varies, alternating every 10-15 cm; rootlets; few roots.

134-180 (4.4-5.9)

2C1

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) silty clay loam to clay loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/1), and few, medium, faint, very dark gray (10YR3/1); massive; clay coatings are weak, thin, discontinuous, coat few fracture surfaces; firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; fractured into angular blocks; few worm burrows filled with black sediment; few oxidized mottles.

180-247 (5.9-8.1)

2C2

grayish brown (10YR5/2) silty clay loam; mottles are common, fine, faint, dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4), and common, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/1); massive; clay coatings are weak, thin, discontinuous, coat few fracture surfaces; firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; crudely laminated; fractured along bedding planes; few silt laminations near base; lacustrine.

247-485 (8.1-15.9)

2C3

brown to dark brown (10YR4/3) silty clay loam; mottles are common, medium to coarse, faint to distinct, very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2), yellowish brown (10YR5/6),white (10YR8/1), and strong brown (7.5YR5/8); massive; few silt coatings on vertical faces - dark gray (10YR4/1); friable to firm; strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; laminated; many silt laminations; some angular unconformities in laminations; many oxidized laminations; laminations vary in texture from silt to silty clay; lacustrine.

485-838 (15.9-27.5)

2C4

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) silty clay to silty clay loam; mottles are few, coarse, faint, brown to dark brown (10YR4/3); massive; firm; very slightly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; fractured in more clay-rich zones; laminated, but laminations are less prominent than in 2C3; oxidized laminations few to common; few silt laminations near base; lacustrine.

838-1494 (27.5-49.0)

2Cg

very dark gray (5Y3/1) silty clay loam; massive; firm; very slightly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); thin, light brownish gray (10YR6/2) silt laminations every cm or so; fractured into angular blocks in clay-rich zones; few zones are more laminated and silt-rich; lacustrine.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-18 (0-.6)

A1

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; moderate, medium, granular; firm; very slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; roots; 3 cm of clay loam (similar in color and in features to C1 horizon) on top of root mat - may be recent deposit or disturbance related to drilling.

18-91 (.6-3.0)

A2

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; weak, medium, subangular blocky to moderate, medium, granular; firm; very slightly effervescent; gradual, irregular lower boundary; omnidirectional rootlets; 50% recovery.

91-125 (3.0-4.1)

C1

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) clay-rich clay loam to silty clay loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, black (10YR2/1); massive; firm to very firm; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; fractured conchoidally; few rootlets; not laminated; 50% recovery.

125-174 (4.1-5.7)

2C2

grayish brown (10YR5/2) silt loam to silty clay loam; mottles are common, fine, faint to distinct, dark yellowish brown (10YR4/6) and white (10YR8/2); massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; laminated; few rootlets; lacustrine.

174-308 (5.7-10.1)

2C3

brown (10YR5/3) silty clay loam; mottles are common, coarse, faint, brown to dark brown (7.5YR4/4), and common, fine to medium, distinct, white (10YR8/1); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; laminated; oxidized laminations common; silt laminations; lacustrine.

308-466 (10.1-15.3)

2C4

brown to dark brown to yellowish brown (10YR4/3-5/4) silty clay loam; mottles are many, coarse, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6); common, medium, distinct, gray (10YR5/1); and common, fine, distinct, very dark brown (10YR2/2); massive; firm; very slightly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; oxidized mottles common; few silt laminations; crudely laminated at top; few oxide concretions; pipestems; lacustrine.

466-579 (15.3-19.0)

2C5

brown to dark brown (10YR4/3) silty clay to silty clay loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, very dark brown (10YR2/2); massive; white (10YR8/1) noncalcareous silt coatings coat curved fracture faces and line linear fracture zones; firm; very slightly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; laminated; few oxidized laminations; lacustrine.

579-914 (19.0-30.0)

2C6

dark brown (10YR3/3) silty clay loam; massive; few silt coatings lining fractures near the top; firm; slightly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; laminated; few silt laminations; few oxidized laminations (dark yellowish brown [10YR4/4] to very dark brown [10YR2/2]); zones of more clay-rich or more silt-rich sediment; lacustrine.

914-1408 (30.0-46.2)

2Cg1

very dark gray (10YR3/1) silty clay loam; massive; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few silt laminations (light brownish gray [10YR6/2]); fractured into coarse blocks with slickensides in places; lacustrine.

1408-1494 (46.2-49.0)

3Cg2

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay; massive; very firm; very slightly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); not laminated; no pebbles observed; slickensides; few light brownish gray (10YR6/2) silty mottles; deep water or off-shore lacustrine.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-15 (0-.5)

A

black (10YR2/1) silty clay; massive; firm; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; grasses, roots, and plant fibers; thin O horizon developing on top; 80% recovery.

15-22 (.5-.7)

AC

black to grayish brown (10YR2/1-5/2); clay loam to silty clay loam; mottles are common, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2), and few, medium, faint, dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4); moderate, fine, subangular blocky; firm; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; crudely laminated; few small pebbles; transition zone between A and C horizons, with structure; roots; 80% recovery.

22-283 (.7-9.3)

C1

brown (10YR5/3) silt loam to silty clay loam; mottles are common, coarse, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6) to dark reddish brown (5YR3/3); laminations are white (10YR8/1), light yellowish brown (10YR6/4), and dark grayish brown (10YR4/2); massive; clay coatings are distinct, thick, discontinuous, gray (10YR5/1), coat few vertical fracture faces; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; finely laminated; many silt laminations and oxidized laminations; some angular unconformities in silt laminations; pisoliths; pipestems; roots; oxidized mottles; lacustrine.

283-561 (9.3-18.4)

C2

brown to dark brown (10YR4/3) clay-rich silty clay loam; mottles are common, fine to medium, distinct, dark brown (7.5YR3/2), and common, medium to coarse, distinct, gray (10YR5/1); massive; clay coatings are distinct, thick, discontinuous, gray (10YR5/1), coat few vertical fracture faces; firm; very slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; laminated; oxidized mottles; fractures conchoidally into medium blocks; few silt laminations; laminations are dark gray (10YR4/1), dark brown (7.5YR3/2), and few white (10YR8/1); very few rootlets; few silt laminations; lacustrine.

561-997 (18.4-32.7)

Cg1

very dark gray (10YR3/1) silty clay loam to silty clay; mottles are very few, coarse, distinct, dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4), oxidized, at top of horizon; massive; firm; slightly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; laminated; laminations are often silty and grayish brown (10YR5/2); some fracturing into large blocks; occasional silt coatings on fracture surfaces; some faulting - offset laminations; slickensides common below 823 cm; more clay-rich with depth; lacustrine.

997-1189 (32.7-39.0)

Cg2

very dark gray (5Y3/1-10YR3/1) silty clay to clay; massive; firm; slightly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; slickensides common; sticky; few laminations near top; no pebbles visible; lacustrine.

1189-1524 (39.0-50.0)

Cg3

very dark gray (5Y3/1) clay; mottles are very few, fine, distinct, grayish brown (10YR5/3), silty; massive; very firm; slightly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); no laminations or pebbles visible; some slickensides; deep water or off-shore lacustrine.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-20 (0-.7)

A

black (10YR2/1) clay-rich clay loam; mottles are few, medium, distinct, dark brown (10YR3/3) near base; moderate, medium, granular; firm; strongly to slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; roots; rootlets.

20-53 (.7-1.7)

AB

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) clay-rich clay loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, very dark gray (2.5Y3/1); weak, fine, subangular blocky; clay coatings are thin, faint, discontinuous, coat ped faces; firm; strongly to slightly effervescent; clear, irregular lower boundary; few pebbles; rootlets.

53-140 (1.7-4.6)

CBk

dark grayish brown (2.5Y4/2) clay loam; mottles are many, fine to coarse, distinct, white (10YR8/1), and few, fine, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6) to dark brown (7.5YR3/4); massive to weak, medium, subangular blocky; clay coatings are moderately thick, moderately continuous, gray (10YR5/1), coat ped faces; friable to firm; strongly to violently effervescent; gradual lower boundary; laminated at base; few small carbonate pebbles/concretions(?); rootlets.

140-198 (4.6-6.5)

C1

grayish brown (10YR5/2) silty clay loam; mottles are few, medium, faint to distinct, dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4), strong brown (7.5YR4/6), and white (10YR8/1); massive; clay coatings are distinct, moderately thick, discontinuous, gray (10YR5/1), coat some fracture faces; firm; strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; laminated; silt laminations common; few weathered carbonate pebbles/concretions(?); rootlets; oxidized mottles and laminations; fractures along bedding planes and perpendicular to bedding planes; lacustrine.

198-600 (6.5-19.7)

C2

brown to grayish brown (10YR5/3-5/2) silty clay loam; mottles are few, fine to medium, faint, dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4), and few, fine, distinct, dark brown (7.5YR3/2); massive; clay coatings are distinct, moderately thick, discontinuous, gray (10YR5/1), coat fracture surfaces; silt coatings are distinct, moderately thick, discontinuous, white (10YR8/1), coat other fracture surfaces; firm; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; laminated; few silt laminations; few oxidized laminations; few weathered carbonate pebbles, often parallel to bedding; oxidized mottles; few rootlets; fractured into coarse blocks; curved vertical fracture faces coated with white silts (not carbonate-rich); white silts also infill few smaller fractures; lacustrine.

600-853 (19.7-28.0)

Cg1

very dark gray (10YR3/1) silty clay loam; laminations are faint, fine, pale brown to light brownish gray (10YR6/3-6/2); massive; firm to friable; slightly effervescent; very diffuse lower boundary; laminated; silt laminations common; some fracturing into coarse blocks; few patches of silt loam; ripples visible in some silt laminations; few slickensides; lacustrine.

853-1052 (28.0-34.5)

Cg2

very dark gray (5Y3/1) silty clay; massive; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; very diffuse lower boundary; laminated; silt laminations often light brownish gray (10YR6/2); some ripples visible in silt laminations; few slickensides; few patches of silty clay loam; silt laminations are carbonate-rich; deep-water or off-shore lacustrine.

1052-1289 (34.5-42.3)

Cg3

very dark gray (5Y3/1) silty clay; massive; firm; slightly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; very few laminations; few slickensides; no pebbles visible; 2 fine sand lenses at base; lacustrine.

1289-1509 (42.3-49.5)

2Cg4

very dark gray (5Y3/1) clay; mottles are very few, fine, distinct, brown (10YR5/3) silty; massive; firm; noneffervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); not laminated; slickensides; sticky; no pebbles visible; some fracturing; deep water or off-shore lacustrine.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-50 (0-1.6)

Acum

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; mottles are few, coarse, faint, very dark gray (10YR3/1) to very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2); moderate, medium, granular to fine subangular blocky; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few organic-rich lenses with plant matter; multiple buried black units (every 5 cm or so); roots; rootlets; grasses, some bedding.

50-116 (1.6-3.8)

AC

very dark gray (10YR3/1) silty clay to silty clay loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/1), carbonate-rich; massive (highly fractured); clay coatings are thin, continuous, coat fractures (unit is clay-rich overall); firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; highly fractured into angular blocks (½-2 cm across); many fractures are conchoidal; roots and rootlets; very hard when dry; few faint laminations.

116-131 (3.8-4.3)

2Ab

black (10YR2/1) silty clay loam to clay loam; moderate, fine, granular to fine subangular blocky; firm; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; charcoal; roots; rootlets; charcoal collected from top of unit (probably modern).

131-149 (4.3-4.9)

2C

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam to clay loam; mottles are common, medium, faint, very dark gray (10YR3/1); massive; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; faintly laminated; roots; some charcoal; alluvial.

149-274 (4.9-9.0)

3ACb

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam to clay loam; mottles are common, very fine, distinct, dark red (2.5YR3/6); moderate, fine, granular to massive; friable to firm; slightly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; several large roots; rootlets; top 10 cm are very dark gray (10YR3/1).

274-479 (9.0-15.7)

3C

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam to clay loam; massive; friable to firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; few roots; many omnidirectional rootlets; gastropod shells; shell fragments; charcoal flecks collected from 351-357 cm; few small pebbles; accumulation of pebbles last 5 cm, rounded, mostly carbonates with few exotics; alluvial.

479-792 (15.7-26.0)

4Cg1

very dark gray (10YR3/1) silty clay loam; mottles are few, coarse, faint, dark brown (10YR3/3) near top of unit; massive; firm; strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; slickensides; laminated; light brownish gray (10YR6/2) silt laminations common; few rootlets; lacustrine.

792-1082 (26.0-35.5)

4Cg2

very dark gray (5Y3/1) silty clay; massive; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; very few laminations; slickensides; silt laminations; fine sand lens near base; lacustrine.

1082-1494 (35.5-49.0)

5Cg3

very dark gray (5Y3/1) clay; massive; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); not laminated; some fracturing; very few pebbles (only one found); few, fine, silty, gray mottles; deep water or off-shore lacustrine.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-30 (0-1.0)

A

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; moderate, medium to coarse, granular; friable to firm; noneffervescent; clear lower boundary; many rootlets.

30-41 (1.0-1.3)

AC

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; mottles are common, fine, distinct, brown to dark brown (10YR4/3); moderate, medium, granular; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; transition zone; many rootlets.

41-47 (1.3-1.5)

C

brown to dark brown (10YR4/3) clay loam; mottles are common, fine, distinct, black (10YR2/1); friable to firm; violently effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; rootlets; horizon disturbed in coring; sticky.

47-90 (1.5-3.0)

2Ab

black (10YR2/1) silty clay; moderate, fine to medium, subangular blocky; clay coatings are thin, discontinuous, coat some peds; firm; slightly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; rootlets; developing weak columnar structure.

90-198 (3.0-6.5)

2CB

brown to dark brown (10YR4/3) silty clay; mottles are common, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2); weak, coarse, subangular blocky at top to weak, medium, subangular blocky to prismatic at base; clay coatings are moderately thick, discontinuous, coat ped faces; firm; strongly to violently effervescent; gradual lower boundary; may be a BC horizon, but structure is quite weak and clay coatings are patchy.

198-250 (6.5-8.2)

2C1

brown (10YR5/3) silty clay; mottles are common, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2); massive; clay coatings are moderately thick, discontinuous, line root voids; silt coatings are thin, discontinuous, line root voids; firm; strongly to violently effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; few laminations; few silt lenses; alluvial.

250-451 (8.2-14.8)

2C2

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) silty clay to silty clay loam; mottles are common, fine to medium, distinct, light brownish gray (10YR6/2), and few, fine, faint, dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4); massive; clay coatings are distinct, moderately thick, discontinuous, coat some fractures and line some root voids; very firm; strongly to violently effervescent; gradual lower boundary; silt laminations common; fractured into angular blocks in more clay-rich sections; few pebbles; silt lenses are light brownish gray (10YR6/2); alluvial.

451-533 (14.8-17.5)

2C3

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) silty clay to silty clay loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, very dark brown (10YR2/2) and light brownish gray (10YR6/2); massive; clay coatings are faint, thin, discontinuous, coat very few surfaces (scattered); firm; strongly to violently effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; faintly laminated; few pisoliths; few small pebbles; few gastropod shells; clay content varies with depth; alluvial.

533-771 (17.5-25.3)

2Cg1

very dark gray (10YR3/1) silty clay to silty clay loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; small pebbles common near top; not visibly laminated; gastropod shells; charcoal flecks collected 546-555 cm, 585 cm, and 600 cm; alluvial.

771-1198 (25.3-39.0)

3Cg2

dark grayish brown to very dark gray (10YR4/2-3/1) silty clay to clay; mottles are few, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2), and few, fine, faint, brown to dark brown (7.5YR4/4); massive; clay coatings are distinct, shiny, coat conchoidal fractures; very firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); fractured into blocks, often fractured conchoidally; small clasts of carbonate-rich silt common; 914-1000 cm has few vertical voids (root voids?) filled with sand-sized carbonate-rich crystals (calcite); very few small pebbles; slickensides; deep water or off-shore lacustrine.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-6 (0-.2)

C

very dark gray (10YR3/1) silty clay loam; massive; friable; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; many roots; laminated.

6-19 (.2-.6)

2A

very dark gray to black (10YR3/1-2/1) clay loam; moderate, medium, granular; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; many roots.

19-134 (.6-4.4)

2CA

mottled very dark gray (10YR3/1) and grayish brown (10YR5/2) clay loam; mottles are many, coarse, distinct; massive (fractured); firm; strongly to violently effervescent; clear lower boundary; disturbed; few patches of laminated sediments - laminations no longer horizontal; fractured into fine to medium angular blocks; few small to medium pebbles; rootlets.

134-146 (4.4-4.8)

3ACb

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay loam; mottles are common, fine, faint, black (10YR2/1); massive; firm to very firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; dense at top; rootlets; small pebbles few to common.

146-274 (4.8-9.0)

3C1

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) silt loam to silty clay loam; mottles are few, medium, faint, grayish brown (10YR5/2) silt lenses, and few, coarse, faint, very dark gray (10YR3/1); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; few rootlets; laminated near top; few roots; gastropod shells; alluvial.

274-518 (9.0-17.0)

3C2

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) silty clay to silty clay loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, dark brown (7.5YR3/2), and common, fine, faint, brown to dark brown (7.5YR4/2); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; faintly laminated; gastropod shells; shell fragments; few rootlets; sticky; few patches of loamier (more sand) sediment; grayer near base (5Y4/1); alluvial.

518-558 (17.0-18.3)

3C3

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) loam to clay loam; mottles are few, fine, faint, dark brown (10YR2/2); massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; many shells - gastropod and mollusk; very small pebbles common; charcoal; rootlets; alluvial.

558-756 (18.3-24.8)

3Cg1

very dark gray (5Y3/1) silt loam to silty clay loam; mottles are few, fine, faint, dark yellowish brown (10YR3/4); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; gastropod and mollusk shells; rootlets common; grades into loam in places; fractured; horizontal roots; plant matter (roots/grasses/leaves/wood); some plant matter collected; faintly laminated; more sand at base; alluvial.

756-1189 (24.8-39.0)

4Cg2

dark gray (5Y4/1); clay; massive; firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); sticky; deep water or off-shore lacustrine.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-12 (0-.4)

A1

black (10YR2/1) clay-rich loam; moderate, medium, granular; friable; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; roots.

12-27 (.4-.9)

A2

black to very dark gray (10YR2/1-3/1) clay-rich loam to silt loam; mottles are common, fine, faint, dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) at base of horizon; moderate, fine to medium, granular; friable; very slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; roots; omnidirectional rootlets.

27-75 (.9-2.5)

AC

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) loam to silt loam; weak, medium, subangular blocky to massive; friable; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; rootlets common.

75-177 (2.5-5.8)

C1

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) silt loam to loam; mottles are common, fine, distinct, very pale brown (10YR7/3), and few, coarse, faint, very dark grayish brown to black (10YR3/2-2/1); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; few omnidirectional rootlets; charcoal; few shell fragments; alluvial.

177-305 (5.8-10.0)

C2

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) silt loam to silty clay loam; mottles are common, fine, faint, brown (10YR5/3), and few, fine, distinct, black (10YR2/1); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few rootlets; laminated; many silt laminations, few clay laminations; alluvial.

305-680 (10.0-22.3)

C3

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) sandy clay loam to loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, black (10YR2/1), few, fine, distinct, dark red (2.5YR3/6), and common, fine, distinct, very pale brown (10YR7/3); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; laminated; few thin sand seams; occasionally grades into loam or clay loam; shell fragments, gastropods and mollusks; few rootlets; several sand lenses near base; clay with wood and shell fragments from a large mollusk shell at base of unit; charcoal collected 347-366 cm; alluvial.

680-719 (22.3-23.6)

2C4

brown to dark brown (10YR4/3) gravel and sand; mottles are common, coarse, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/4); massive to single grain; friable; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; many small to medium pebbles, rounded and angular; shell fragments from large mollusks; partly oxidized; pebbles include carbonates and granites; wood collected from base of horizon; ring porous hardwood from lower boundary (717-723 cm) C-14 dated at 3,060±60 BP.

719-1173 (23.6-38.5)

3Cg

dark gray (5Y4/1) clay; massive; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); few small pebbles; few, fine, grayish brown (10YR5/2) siltier mottles; till.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-29 (0-1.0)

A

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; moderate, medium, granular; friable to firm; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; rootlets common; few worm burrows.

29-46 (1.0-1.5)

AC

mottled black (10YR2/1) and brown to dark brown (10YR4/3) silty clay loam; weak, medium, granular to weak, fine, subangular blocky; friable; strongly to violently effervescent; clear lower boundary; ends in brown to dark brown (10YR4/3) lens (4-5 cm thick); rootlets common; browner with depth.

46-60 (1.5-2.0)

2ABb

black to very dark gray (10YR2/1-3/1) silty clay loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2), carbonate-rich; weak, fine to medium, granular; friable; strongly to violently effervescent; clear lower boundary; rootlets common; blacker at top.

60-87 (2.0-2.9)

2Btkb1

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay; mottles are common to many, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2), carbonate-rich; weak to moderate, fine to medium, subangular blocky; clay coatings are thin, discontinuous, coat few ped faces; firm; violently effervescent; gradual lower boundary; omnidirectional rootlets; may be a weak Bt.

87-149 (2.9-4.9)

2Btkb2

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) silty clay; mottles are common, fine, distinct, very pale brown (10YR7/3), carbonate-rich; moderate, medium to coarse, subangular blocky; clay coatings are thin, distinct, discontinuous, coat ped faces; firm; violently effervescent; abrupt lower boundary (color change); omnidirectional rootlets; charcoal flecks; some charcoal collected (137-149 cm).

149-195 (4.9-6.4)

3ACkb

black (10YR2/1) silty clay loam to silty clay; mottles are few, medium, distinct, white (10YR8/2), carbonate-rich; weak subangular blocky to massive; clay coatings are moderately thick, discontinuous, line root voids and coat a few ped(?) faces; firm; strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; few omnidirectional rootlets; very few small pebbles; charcoal (few flecks).

195-280 (6.4-9.2)

3Ck

grayish brown to brown (10YR5/2-5/3) silty clay loam to silty clay; mottles are common, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2), carbonate-rich; massive; clay coatings are thin, discontinuous, coat few surfaces (fracture surfaces); firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; fractured in more clay-rich zones; grayer near top; coarse sand lens near base; lacustrine.

280-466 (9.2-15.3)

3C1

dark gray, very dark gray, and dark grayish brown (10YR4/1-3/1 to 2.5Y4/2) silty clay to clay; mottles are common, fine to medium, distinct, dark reddish brown (5YR3/3), and common, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/1-8/2); massive; very firm; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; laminated; very thin (1/2-2 mm), white (10YR8/1) silt laminations common; patches of oxidation, often surrounding root voids; fractures along bedding planes; darker with depth; 1-2 cm of laminated fine sand at base; few microripples; lacustrine.

466-753 (15.3-24.7)

4C2

dark gray to dark grayish brown (10YR4/1-4/2) clay to clay loam; mottles are common, fine to medium, faint, dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4), and few to common, medium to coarse, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6) and dark brown (7.5YR3/2); massive; very firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; small to medium pebbles, few to common; oxidized root voids; white powdery coatings on some surfaces (not carbonate-rich); fewer pebbles with depth; less mottled at depth; mottled at base (with next unit); till.

753-905 (24.7-29.7)

4Cg1

very dark gray (5Y3/1) clay; massive; very firm; strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; few small pebbles; few pale brown (10YR6/3) powdery mottles; till.

905-1189 (29.7-39.0)

4Cg2

brown (10YR5/3) to dark gray (10YR4/1) clay to clay loam; mottles are few, medium, distinct, gray to light gray (10YR6/1); massive; very firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); few small to medium pebbles; few pale brown (10YR6/3) powdery mottles; grayer with depth (top is brown, the rest is dark gray); till.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-68 (0-2.2)

A

black (10YR2/1) silty clay loam; strong, medium, granular; firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; many rootlets.

68-104 (2.2-3.4)

Bt

black (10YR2/1) silty clay loam; moderate, fine, subangular blocky; clay coatings are thin, discontinuous, coat ped faces; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; rootlets; peds part from a very weak columnar structure.

104-131 (3.4-4.3)

CB

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) silty clay loam; mottles are common, fine, faint, black (10YR2/1); weak, medium, subangular blocky to massive; firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; transitional layer; rootlets.

131-253 (4.3-8.3)

C1

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) silty clay loam; mottles are common, fine, faint, very pale brown (10YR7/3), and few, fine, faint, strong brown (10YR4/6); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; organic-rich, black (10YR2/1) lens at base of horizon; many silt laminations; few clay-rich, fractured zones (5-10 cm thick), often very dark gray (10YR3/1); alluvial.

253-390 (8.3-12.8)

C2

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam; mottles are common, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/1); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; charcoal collected at base; gastropod and mollusk shells near base; faint laminations visible in a few areas; some fracturing; few sandier zones (sandy clay loam); alluvial(?).

390-579 (12.8-19.0)

2C3

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) clay loam to clay diamicton; mottles are common, fine, faint, brown to dark brown (7.5YR4/4); massive; very firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); dense; pebbles common, all sizes; clasts include carbonates, igneous, and metamorphic rocks; till.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-27 (0-.9)

A1

black (10YR2/1) silty clay loam; moderate, medium, granular; firm; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; rootlets; 3 cm band of mottled black and grayish brown (10YR2/1 and 5/2) soil at base of horizon - strongly effervescent.

27-134 (.9-4.4)

A2

black (10YR2/1) silty clay loam; mottles are few, distinct, fine, grayish brown (10YR5/2) from 70-76 cm only; massive to weak, fine, subangular blocky; firm; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few rootlets; very black.

134-180 (4.4-5.9)

Bt

black (10YR2/1) silty clay loam to clay loam; moderate, fine, subangular blocky; clay coatings are moderately thick, shiny, moderately continuous, coat ped faces and fill pore spaces; firm; very slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; very black; clay-rich; few rootlets.

180-201 (5.9-6.6)

CB

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam to clay loam; mottles are few, coarse, faint, black (10YR2/1), at top of unit; massive; clay coatings are thin, discontinuous, fill pore spaces; firm; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; fingers of black extend into top few cm of unit; transitional unit.

201-232 (6.6-7.6)

2C1

grayish brown (10YR5/2) silty clay loam to silty clay; mottles are common, fine, faint, yellowish brown (10YR5/4); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary (color change); fine sand lens top 10 cm - violently effervescent; rest of unit is clay-rich; some fracturing into fine blocks, several with shiny surfaces; few pebbles; till or alluvially reworked till.

232-308 (7.6-10.1)

2C2

brown to dark brown (10YR4/3) silty clay; mottles are common, fine, faint, strong brown (7.5YR4/6) and dark gray (10YR4/1), and few, coarse, faint, pale brown (10YR6/3); massive; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; clay-rich; fractured into fine blocks, often fractured conchoidally; fracture surfaces are shiny and some have slickensides; small pebbles, few to common; till(?).

308-442 (10.1-14.3)

2C3

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) clay; mottles are few, medium, distinct, white (10YR8/1), and common, medium, faint, strong brown (7.5YR4/6) and gray (10YR5/1); massive; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; sticky; clay-rich; few pebbles; white, very-fine, non-calcareous crystals fill voids and fractures; not visibly laminated (difficult to obtain a fresh face to examine); till (?).

442-594 (14.5-19.5)

2Cg

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay; mottles are few, medium, distinct, white (10YR8/1), and common, medium, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6) at top of unit; massive; firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); clay-rich; few pebbles; dense; till(?).

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-18 (0-.6)

A

black (10YR2/1) silty clay loam; weak, fine to medium, subangular blocky; firm; slightly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; many fine rootlets; dense.

18-86 (.6-2.8)

CA

grayish brown to dark grayish brown (10YR5/2-4/2) clay to silty clay loam; mottles are common, medium, distinct, black (10YR2/1); moderate, fine, granular; firm; violently effervescent; clear lower boundary; dense at top; less dense in rest of unit; resembles a C horizon with granular structure; vertical roots.

86-265 (2.8-8.7)

C1

grayish brown to dark grayish brown (10YR5/2-4/2) silty clay; mottles are common, medium, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6), few, fine, distinct, very dark brown (10YR2/2), and many, medium, distinct, yellowish brown to very pale brown (10YR6/4-7/3); massive structure (fractures along bedding planes); firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; laminated; conchoidal microfractures (1-2 mm blocks); thin yellowish brown to very pale brown (10YR6/4-7/3) silt lenses; manganese (?) oxide staining; other oxidation patches; lacustrine.

265-427 (8.7-14.0)

C2

yellowish brown to dark yellowish brown (10YR5/4-4/4) silt; laminations are many, coarse, distinct, light brownish gray (10YR6/2), and mottles are few, fine, distinct, dark brown (10YR3/4); massive; very friable; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; mostly finely laminated silts; few silty clay laminations; oxidized laminations common; medium pebble at base of horizon; silt is coarse; lacustrine.

427-671 (14.0-22.0)

2Cg1

dark gray (5Y4/1) clay; massive; firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; sticky; dense; uniform; by 610 cm down clay is slightly bluer and contains few, fine, pale brown (10YR6/3), silty mottles.

671-1189 (22.0-39.0)

2Cg2

very dark gray (5Y3/1) clay; massive; clay coatings are continuous, coat pebble voids; firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); small pebbles common; some sand, but not enough for a clay loam; by 1035 cm, medium to large pebbles are present; some shale clasts; till.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-7 (0-.2)

C

grayish brown (10YR5/2) loamy sand; mottles are few, medium, distinct, black (10YR2/1); massive to single grain; very friable to loose; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; wood; roots; recent deposit.

7-20 (.2-.7)

2A

black (10YR2/1) loam; mottles are few, medium, faint, very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) near base; weak, medium to coarse, granular to fine subangular blocky; firm; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; many roots; mottled at base.

20-72 (.7-2.4)

2AC

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) sandy loam; mottles are few, fine, faint, brown (10YR5/3); weak, medium, subangular blocky and weak, medium, granular (varies with depth; friable; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; many roots; wood; few small pebbles; structure varies (blocky at top, granular in middle); some angular fracturing near top; more dense at top.

72-86 (2.4-2.8)

2CA

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) loamy sand; massive to single grain; very friable to loose; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; mollusk shells; shell fragments; few rootlets.

86-216 (2.8-7.1)

2C1

brown (10YR5/3) fine sand; single grain; loose; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; shell fragments; wood fragments; mollusk shells; poor recovery (60-75%); alluvial.

216-390 (7.1-12.8)

2C2

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) fine sand and sandy loam; mottles are few, medium, faint, dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4); single grain; loose; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; interbedded lenses of loamy sand and sandy loam; shell fragments; mollusk and gastropod shells; horizontal roots in some sandy loam lenses; few charcoal flecks; poor recovery (60-75%); alluvial.

390-594 (12.8-19.5)

2C3

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) medium to coarse sand; single grain; loose; strongly effervescent; abrupt, irregular lower boundary; shell fragments; last 12 cm contains clayey lenses and small to medium pebbles; few flecks of charcoal; very poor recovery (approximately 30%); alluvial.

594-1189 (19.5-39.0)

3Cg

very dark gray (5Y3/1) clay; massive; clay coatings are continuous, coat pebble holes; firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); small pebbles, few to common; some shale; few medium pebbles; few, fine, brown (10YR5/3) mottles; till.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-14 (0-.5)

Ap1

very dark gray (10YR3/1) loam; weak, medium, granular; friable; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; roots; worm burrows.

14-30 (.5-1.0)

Ap2

very dark gray (10YR3/1) loam; massive; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; fractured into angular blocks; dense; many rootlets; compacted; sand is fine; 75% recovery.

30-48 (1.0-1.6)

A

black to very dark gray (10YR2/1-3/1) clay-rich loam; weak, medium, granular; friable to firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; sand is very fine; few rootlets; 75% recovery.

48-128 (1.6-4.2)

AC

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) clay-rich loam; mottles are few, fine, faint, black (10YR2/1), and few, medium, faint to distinct, pale brown (10YR6/3); massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; faint laminations; siltier near base; few gastropod shells; 75% recovery.

128-165 (4.2-5.4)

C1

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) clay-rich loam to clay loam; mottles are few, fine, faint to distinct, pale brown (10YR6/3); massive; friable to firm; violently effervescent; gradual lower boundary; sand is very fine, bordering on coarse silt; dense; alluvial; 75% recovery.

165-244 (5.4-8.0)

C2

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) sandy loam to loam; mottles are few, fine, faint, brown to dark brown (7.5YR4/4); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; several fine sand lenses (up to 8 cm thick); few small pebbles; texture grades between sandy loam, loam, and occasionally sand; some sand is very fine, bordering on coarse silt; faint laminations; shell fragments; alluvial; 75% recovery.

244-351 (8.0-11.5)

C3

grayish brown (10YR5/2) fine loamy sand; mottles are common, medium, distinct, dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4); massive; very friable; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; several sandy loam to silt loam lenses (grades into finer lenses); mollusk and gastropod shells; faint laminations; alluvial; 75% recovery.

351-579 (11.5-19.0)

C4

brown to dark brown (10YR4/3) medium sand; mottles are few, coarse, distinct, dark yellowish brown (10YR3/4); single grain; loose; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tube); some coarse sand; few thin lenses of dark gray (10YR4/1) clay to clay loam near top; alluvial; 50-75% recovery.

579-732 (19.0-24.0)

no recovery.

732-765 (24.0-25.1)

2Cg1

dark gray (10YR4/1) gravel and sandy clay loam; single grain to massive; loose to firm; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; small to medium, rounded pebbles; few lenses of clay and sandy clay loam; few pockets of sand; alluvial.

765-1189 (25.1-39.0)

3Cg2

dark gray (10YR4/1) clay; massive; firm to very firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); few small to medium pebbles; sticky; few, fine, brown (10YR5/3) mottles; some shale; till.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-39 (0-1.3)

A

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; weak, medium, subangular blocky; granular at fsvery top; friable; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; roots; rootlets; few brown to dark brown (10YR4/3) mottles near base (worm burrows); top 20 cm may be an Ap horizon (slightly platy).

39-49 (1.3-1.6)

C

brown (10YR5/3) fine sand; single grain; loose; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few rootlets.

49-67 (1.6-2.2)

2CA

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay loam; massive to weak, medium to coarse, granular; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; few flecks of charcoal; CA not used to designate a depositional horizon; 85% recovery.

67-152 (2.2-5.0)

2C1

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) sandy clay loam; mottles are few, coarse, faint, pale brown (10YR6/3), and few, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2) and dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4); massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; few laminations; charcoal at 139 cm; 85% recovery.

152-280 (5.0-9.2)

2C2

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2), carbonate-rich; massive; friable; strongly to violently effervescent; gradual lower boundary; sand is very fine; occasionally grades into loamy sand; 86% recovery; alluvial.

280-421 (9.2-13.8)

2C3

grayish brown (10YR5/2) loamy sand; mottles are common, fine, faint, dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4), and many, coarse, faint, dark gray (10YR4/1); massive; very friable; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; sand is fine; occasionally unit grades into a sandy loam or loam; few shell fragments; faint laminations; gastropod shells; 76% recovery; alluvial.

421-472 (13.8-15.5)

3C4

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) coarse sand; single grain; loose; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; small pebbles few to common; few shell fragments; 50% recovery; alluvial.

472-579 (15.5-19.0)

3C5

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) coarse sand and gravel; single grain; loose; strongly to violently effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tube); many small to medium pebbles; piece of red tubing in sample; shell fragments; 50% recovery; alluvial.

579-732 (19.0-24.0)

3C6

brown to dark brown (10YR4/3) fine sand to coarse sand and gravel; single grain; loose; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tube); shell fragments; may be fining upwards sequence; 122 cm not recovered; alluvial.

732-884 (24.0-29.0)

no recovery.

884-1189 (29.0-39.0)

4Cg

very dark gray (5Y3/1) clay; massive; firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); few small to medium pebbles; few brown (10YR5/3) silty(?) mottles; till.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-16 (0-.5)

Ap

black (10YR2/1) silty clay loam; weak, fine, granular; firm; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; dense; roots; omnidirectional rootlets; root voids; 75% recovery.

16-44 (.5-1.4)

A

black (10YR2/1) silty clay loam; weak, medium, subangular blocky to massive; clay coatings are thin, discontinuous, coat few ped faces; friable; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; rootlets; 75% recovery.

44-62 (1.4-2.0)

AC

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silt loam; mottles are few, medium, distinct, black (10YR2/1); massive; friable; violently effervescent; gradual lower boundary; few rootlets; few root voids partly lined with black sediment; 75% recovery.

62-140 (2.0-4.6)

C1

brown (10YR5/3) silt loam; massive; friable; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; few rootlets; 75% recovery.

140-216 (4.6-7.1)

C2

dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4-3/4) silt loam; mottles are many, fine, faint, grayish brown (10YR5/2), and few, medium, distinct, black (5YR2.5/1); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; finely laminated; oxidized; few rootlets.

216-372 (7.1-12.2)

C3

grayish brown to brown (10YR5/2-5/3) silty clay loam; mottles are few, medium, distinct, black (10YR2/1), and common, coarse, distinct, dark reddish brown (5YR3/4); massive; friable to firm; strongly to slightly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; pisoliths and pipestems; many oxidized mottles; Fe concretions.

372-591 (12.2-19.4)

C4

brown to dark grayish brown (10YR5/3-4/2) silty clay; mottles are few, coarse, faint, gray (10YR5/1), and common, coarse, faint, dark yellowish brown (10YR4/6); massive; firm; slightly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; few silt laminations (thin and faulted); few root voids; roots and stems in clay-rich zone from 425-450 cm; more finely laminated near base; lacustrine.

591-646 (19.4-21.2)

Cg1

dark gray (10YR4/1) silt loam; mottles are common, medium, distinct, light brownish gray and light yellowish brown (10YR6/2&6/4); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; finely laminated silts and silt loam; some oxidized laminations, but mostly unoxidized; lacustrine.

646-1158 (21.2-38.0)

Cg2

very dark gray (5Y3/1) silty clay; laminations are common, fine, distinct, very pale brown (10YR7/3); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; very thin silt laminations every 1-2 cm; lacustrine.

1158-1189 (38.0-39.0)

2Cg3

very dark gray (5Y3/1) very fine sand to loamy sand; massive to single grain; very friable to loose; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); laminated at very top; sand is very fine, bordering on coarse silt.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-37 (0-1.2)

Acum

very dark gray (10YR3/1) silt loam to silty clay loam; weak, fine, subangular blocky; weakly granular at very top; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; crudely laminated; few lenses with small rounded pebbles; more clay-rich near base; few angular pebbles; rootlets; 90% recovery.

37-92 (1.2-3.0)

BC

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay; mottles are few, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2), at base of horizon; weak, medium, prismatic parting to medium subangular blocky; clay coatings are thin, discontinuous, coat some ped faces; firm; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; roots; charcoal; darker at base (84-92 cm); 90% recovery.

92-149 (3.0-4.9)

C1

dark gray (10YR4/1) silty clay; laminations are common, medium, distinct, yellowish brown (10YR5/6) and white (10YR8/2), and mottles are common, medium, faint, dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; laminated; silt laminations common; many angular unconformities in laminations; alluvial, yet some laminations resemble lacustrine laminations.

149-274 (4.9-9.0)

C2

dark gray to dark grayish brown (10YR4/1-4/2) silty clay to silty clay loam; laminations are common, medium, distinct, yellowish brown (10YR5/6), and mottles are common, medium, faint, dark yellowish brown (10YR3/6); massive; white silt coatings on coarse curved vertical faces in top half of unit; dark reddish brown (5YR 2.5/2) oxidation coatings on coarse curved vertical faces in bottom third of horizon; firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; top half not laminated; bottom half laminated; siltier near base (less clay); alluvial, yet some laminations resemble lacustrine laminations.

274-402 (9.0-13.2)

2C3

very dark gray (10YR3/1) silty clay; laminations are common, medium, distinct, brown to pale brown (10YR5/3-6/3); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; laminated; few silt laminations; few sand laminations near base; angular unconformities common in laminations; ripples near top (approximately 280 cm); alluvial.

402-472 (13.2-15.5)

2C4

dark grayish brown (2.5Y4/2) loamy sand; mottles are common, medium, faint, dark brown (7.5YR3/4); massive to single grain; very friable to loose; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; sand is very fine; lenses of very dark gray to dark gray (10YR3/1-4/1) silty clay loam; crudely laminated; alluvial.

472-579 (15.5-19.0)

2Cg1

dark gray (5Y4/1) silt loam to silty clay loam; mottles are few, medium, faint, dark yellowish brown (10YR3/4); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; laminated; few sand lenses; silty clay at top; laminations are often light and dark gray; pocket of plant matter near base (roots, wood, bark?) collected; 86% recovery.

579-863 (19.0-28.3)

3Cg2

dark gray (5Y4/1) fine sand; single grain; loose; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; not laminated; slightly loamy at base; core segment labeled 24.0'-24.5' all very dark gray clay (may be mislabeled?); 80% recovery; alluvial.

863-1204 (283-39.5)

4Cg3

very dark gray (5Y3/1) clay; mottles are few, fine, distinct, brown (10YR5/3), powdery (silt?); massive; very firm; slightly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); not laminated; no pebbles found; lacustrine.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-10 (0-.33)

A

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay loam; moderate, medium, granular; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few pebbles; rootlets; 85% recovery.

10-34 (.33-1.1)

AB

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) clay loam; weak to moderate, medium, prismatic; clay coatings are thin, discontinuous, coat ped faces; firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; rootlets; few gastropod shells; 85% recovery.

34-62 (1.1-2.0)

C1

dark brown (10YR3/3) loamy sand; massive to single grain; friable to loose; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; 85% recovery; alluvial.

62-710 (2.0-23.3)

C2

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) loam, sandy loam, and loamy sand; mottles are few, fine, faint, dark gray (10YR4/1) and dark yellowish brown (10YR3/4); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; grades between loam and sandy loam every 20-50 cm; many sand and loamy sand lenses; few rootlets; few flecks of charcoal; shell fragments; gastropod shells; occasional laminations visible; 82% recovery; alluvial.

710-884 (23.3-29.0)

Cg1

dark gray (5Y4/1) loam and sandy loam; massive; friable; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; similar to C2 only not oxidized; plant matter (wood, roots, fibers) collected 826-832 cm; plant matter scattered throughout core; few sand lenses; few shell fragments; 85% recovery; alluvial.

884-975 (29.0-32.0)

2Cg2

dark gray (5Y4/1) medium to coarse sand; single grain; loose; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; pebbles common; slightly loamy; shell fragments; tube had 54% recovery, but most of lost sample was probably from this unit; alluvial.

975-1036 (32.0-34.0)

3Cg3

dark gray (5Y4/1) silt loam; mottles are few, medium, distinct, dark yellowish brown (10YR4/6), and few, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tube); faintly laminated; few small pebbles; tube had 54% recovery (much of loss may be from 2Cg2 sand unit); alluvial.

1036-1061 (34.0-34.8)

4Cg4

dark gray (5Y4/1) fine to medium sand; single grain; loose; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; alluvial.

1061-1189 (34.8-39.0)

5Cg5

dark gray (5Y4/1) silty clay loam; mottles are common, medium, faint, black (10YR2/1), and few, medium, distinct, dark reddish brown (5YR3/4); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); fractured in more clay-rich zones; few gastropod shells; organic-rich lens at 1110 cm, contains wood (collected some); occasional faint laminations; few sand partings; alluvial.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-10 (0-.3)

C

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) silty clay loam; mottles are few, fine, faint, dark grayish brown (10YR4/2); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; laminated; recent deposits; 83% recovery.

10-26 (.3-.9)

2A

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, grayish brown to dark grayish brown (10YR5/2-4/2); weak, medium, granular at top to moderate, medium, subangular blocky at base; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; base is laminated; few gastropod shells; base may be cumulic; 83% recovery.

26-146 (.9-4.8)

2AC

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; mottles are many, fine, distinct, grayish brown (10YR5/2), and few, fine, distinct, dark brown (7.5YR3/4); moderate to weak, medium, granular; firm; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; roots common; rootlets; very mottled in most of unit (less mottled in a few places); few small pebbles; 83% recovery.

146-162 (4.8-5.3)

3Ab

black (10YR2/1) silty clay loam; moderate, fine to medium, granular; friable; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; less clay than surrounding horizons; rootlets; 80% recovery.

162-244 (5.3-8.0)

3ACb

mottled black (10YR2/1) and grayish brown (10YR5/2) silty clay loam; moderate, medium, granular; friable; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; many rootlets; few roots; few small pebbles; 80% recovery.

244-485 (8.0-15.9)

3C

grayish brown (2.5Y5/2-10YR5/2) silty clay loam; mottles are common, fine, faint, greenish gray (5GY5/1) around rootlets, and common, fine, faint, brown to dark brown (10YR4/3); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few horizontal rootlets; often gleyed around rootlets; few pebbles; more clay-rich near base; some conchoidal fracturing; few gastropod shells; alluvial.

485-512 (15.9-16.8)

4ACb

very dark gray (10YR3/1) silty clay loam; mottles are common, fine, distinct, grayish brown (10YR5/2); weak, medium, subangular blocky to massive; friable; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; few very small pebbles; clay-rich; few rootlets.

512-783 (16.8-25.7)

4C1

gray to dark grayish brown (5Y5/1-10YR4/2) silt loam to silty clay loam; mottles are common, medium to coarse, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6), and few, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2) at top; massive; friable; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; few rootlets; silt loam at top (first 100 cm or so) then grading between silt loam and silty clay loam; grayer at top, more oxidized with depth; few pebbles; faintly laminated; alluvial.

783-1189 (25.7-39.0)

5C2

dark grayish brown to brown to dark brown (10YR4/2-4/3) silty clay; mottles are common, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2), and common, medium, faint, dark yellowish brown (10YR4/6); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); laminated; few laminations are white (10YR8/1), silty, and carbonate-rich; lacustrine.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-40 (0-1.3)

A

black (10YR2/1) silty clay loam; strong, medium, granular; friable; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; many rootlets; structure is weaker last 10 cm; worm burrows.

40-81 (1.3-2.7)

AC

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) silty clay loam; weak, fine to medium, granular to massive; friable; extremely violently effervescent; gradual lower boundary; rootlets common.

81-137 (2.7-4.5)

C1

grayish brown (10YR5/2) silt loam; massive; friable; strongly to violently effervescent; gradual lower boundary; rootlets common.

137-216 (4.5-7.1)

C2

brown to dark brown (10YR4/3) silt loam; mottles are common, coarse, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6) to dark reddish brown (2.5YR2.5/4); massive; friable; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; laminated; oxidized laminations every 1-2 cm; few small pebbles; alluvial.

216-326 (7.1-10.7)

2C3

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) silty clay loam; mottles are common, fine to coarse, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR5/6), pale brown (10YR6/3), and dark reddish brown (2.5YR2.5/4); massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; laminated; highly fractured near base (more clay-rich); conchoidal fractures; few small pebbles; few rootlets; lacustrine.

326-704 (10.7-23.1)

2C4

dark grayish brown to very dark gray (10YR4/2-3/1) silty clay; mottles are common, fine, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR5/6); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; laminated; laminations are white (10YR8/1), brown (10YR5/3), light yellowish brown (10YR6/4), and a few black (10YR2/1); several silt laminations, few clay-rich zones with fewer laminations; some diapir-like structures from loading; lacustrine.

704-1149 (23.1-37.7)

2Cg1

very dark gray (10YR3/1) silty clay; massive; firm; slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; laminated; laminations are brownish gray (10YR5/2) and thin; laminations are less prominent last 200-300 cm; lacustrine.

1149-1204 (37.7-39.5)

3Cg2

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay; mottles are very few, fine, brownish gray (10YR5/2); massive; very firm; slightly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); shiny; sticky; close to black; a couple laminations, mostly uniform clay; some slickensides; may be deep water or off-shore lacustrine.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-47 (0-1.5)

A

black (10YR2/1) silty clay loam to clay loam; strong, medium, granular; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary; roots; rootlets; few shell fragments; 84% recovery.

47-78 (1.5-2.6)

Btk1

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) clay loam; mottles are common to many, fine to medium, distinct, white (10YR8/2), and few, fine, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR5/6); moderate, fine, angular blocky to subangular blocky; clay coatings are moderately thick, discontinuous, coat ped faces; firm; violently effervescent; gradual lower boundary; rootlets; few worm burrows; very hard when dry; 84% recovery.

78-107 (2.6-3.5)

Btk2

dark grayish brown (10YR4/2) silty clay; mottles are common, fine to medium, distinct, white (10YR8/2), and common, fine to medium, distinct, brown to dark brown (7.5YR4/4); moderate, medium, angular blocky; clay coatings are moderately thick, discontinuous, coat ped faces; firm; violently effervescent; gradual lower boundary; rootlets; worm burrows filled with black sediment; 84% recovery.

107-579 (3.5-19.0)

C

brown to dark brown (10YR4/3) silty clay; mottles are common, coarse, faint, dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4-4/6); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; laminated; many laminations are very thin, white (10YR8/1), silty, and carbonate-rich; few oxidized laminations; few horizontal roots at top; lacustrine.

579-881 (19.0-28.9)

Cg1

very dark gray (10YR3/1) silty clay; mottles are few, fine, distinct, white (10YR8/2) and light brownish gray (10YR6/2) laminations; massive; firm; strongly effervescent; diffuse lower boundary; similar to C; laminated; few oxidized laminations; many laminations are carbonate-rich; fewer laminations with depth; lacustrine.

881-1204 (28.9-39.5)

2Cg2

very dark gray (5Y3/1) clay; massive; very firm; very slightly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); sticky; some fracturing; fracture surfaces are smooth and shiny; few brown (10YR5/3) mottles; some slickensides; lacustrine.

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-31 (0-1.0)

A

black (10YR2/1) clay loam; moderate to strong, medium, granular; friable to firm; very slightly effervescent; clear lower boundary; many rootlets; large root at base; top 10 cm contains many small pebbles (recent sediment/fill).

31-55 (1.0-1.8)

AC

very dark grayish brown (10YR3/2) clay loam; mottles are many, fine to coarse, faint, black (10YR2/1); moderate, medium, granular; firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; transition zone; roots.

55-143 (1.8-4.7)

CA

dark grayish brown (2.5Y4/2) clay loam; mottles are common, fine to coarse, faint, black (10YR2/1); massive to weak, medium, granular; clay coatings are few, faint, thin, discontinuous, coat few fracture planes and line some root voids; firm; violently effervescent; gradual lower boundary; few omnidirectional rootlets; worm burrows filled with sediment; some microfracturing in clay-rich zones.

143-305 (4.7-10.0)

C1

brown (10YR5/3) silty clay loam; mottles are common, medium, distinct, brown to dark brown (7.5YR4/4), and few, medium, dark grayish brown (10YR4/2); massive; friable to firm; strongly effervescent; gradual lower boundary; fracturing prevalent near top along horizontal planes; patches of oxidation; few small pebbles; few roots; few lenses of SCL; crudely bedded; sand partings near base; may be alluvially reworked till.

305-796 (10.0-26.1)

2C2

yellowish brown (10YR5/4) clay loam diamicton; mottles are few, coarse, distinct, gray (10YR5/1) and dark red (2.5YR3/6), and few, medium, faint, very dark brown (10YR2/2); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary (color change); small to medium pebbles common; some shale; some charcoal flecks; oxidized; till (probably DML).

796-1189 (26.1-39.0)

2Cg

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay loam diamicton; massive; very firm; slightly to strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); small to medium pebbles common; unoxidized; some shale; till (probably DML).

Depth

cm(ft)

or Zone

Description

0-79 (0-2.6)

Acum

black to very dark gray (10YR2/1-3/1) loam to sandy loam; mottles are few, fine, distinct, strong brown (7.5YR4/6); massive; weak, fine, granular at top; friable; strongly effervescent; abrupt lower boundary; interbedded lenses of fine sand; few siltier lenses; laminated; roots; few small pebbles; large root at base; few patches of oxidation; 62% recovery.

79-122 (2.6-4.0)

2CA

very dark gray (10YR3/1) silt loam; massive; friable; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tube); slightly organic-rich; plant matter collected in last 5 cm; few gastropod shells; 62% recovery; wood from 116-122 cm C-14 dated as Modern.

122-427 (4.0-14.0)

3C1

dark gray (2.5Y4/0) medium to coarse sand; single grain; loose; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tube); fine at top; few small pebbles; shell fragments; few vertical roots; gastropod shells; unoxidized; alluvial; 20-60% recovery.

427-555 (14.0-18.2)

4C2

dark yellowish brown (10YR4/4) clay loam diamicton; mottles are few, medium, distinct, gray (10YR5/1), and few, fine, distinct, dark reddish brown (5YR3/4); massive; firm; strongly effervescent; clear lower boundary (color change); small to medium pebbles common; charcoal flecks; some shale; oxidized; few large pebbles and cobbles; till (probably DML).

555-1189 (18.2-39.0)

4Cg

very dark gray (10YR3/1) clay loam diamicton; massive; firm; strongly effervescent; unknown lower boundary (end of tubes); small to medium pebbles common; few large pebbles and cobbles; shale; till (probably DML).