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Wildlife & Ecosystems

Recent Developments

Listed below are recent developments pertinent to wildlife and ecosystems from the past six months.  If you would like to suggest a recent development on this topic, please submit a short description to AASHTO (including any pertinent links) on the Share Info with AASHTO form.

• Endangered Species, Pesticides Revised Evaluation Method Released

  The Environmental Protection Agency has announced a new method for evaluating the effects of registered pesticides on endangered and threatened species. The Revised Method will streamline pesticide registration review decisions while also ensuring that the impacts to endangered and threatened species are minimized. The final Revised Method incorporates high-quality pesticide usage data into the agency’s biological evaluation (BE) process for the first time and was informed by input from a wide range of stakeholders, including states, tribes, environmental groups, and agricultural groups. For more information, link to the announcement and the Revised Method. (3-12-20)

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• Virginia DOT Works on Plan to Protect Migratory Birds

  The Virginia Department of Transportation has announced a strategy, in coordination with the state Department of Game and Inland Fisheries, to protect migratory sea birds that nest on the South Island of the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel, an artificial island in the Chesapeake Bay. The South Island is where construction equipment will be based during the expansion of the bridge-tunnel, a project intended to reduce congestion and improve safety in eastern Virginia. The multi-agency strategy includes a management plan, the creation or acquisition of new or alternative nesting habitat, and the issuance of regulations that would provide for “incidental take” permits for migratory birds for the duration of the construction. For more information, link to the announcement. (2-14-20)

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• Research Provides Review of Wildlife Connectivity Mitigation Credits

  A synthesis of information that addresses the valuation of wildlife crossing structures for the purposes of meeting environmental permit requirements and developing mitigation measures has been issued under the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP Web-Only Document 280). The report, developed under NCHRP 25-25, Task 117, says that there are many potential metrics to value wildlife connectivity, including categories that evaluate the conditions or functions of habitat, computer models, and the calculation of avoided cost. The report also says that a national set of metrics or quantification methods is infeasible because of variations in ecosystems and species. In addition, the report says that in the absence of market-driven mitigation banking, the economic impacts of wildlife-vehicle collisions could serve to value the wildlife crossings or other connectivity mitigation. The report includes four case studies of state DOTs that have quantified values intrinsic to wildlife using various non-market valuation techniques. For more information, link to the report. (2-24-20)

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• FWS Issues Proposed Rule on Incidental Impacts to Migratory Birds

  The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has issued a proposed rule that would modify the scope of incidental impacts under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA). The rule proposes to specify that only actions that are intentionally injuring birds are prohibited by the MBTA, and that actions with the unintentional (incidental) result of injury or death to migratory birds are not prohibited under the act. The service also will be preparing an environmental impact statement for the proposed rule. Comments be submitted until March 19, 2020. For more information, link to the service’s proposed rule page and the official text of the propose rule. (2-3-20)

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• NCHRP Report Profiles Designs for Small Animal Crossings

  Transportation agencies can help to reduce reptile, amphibian, and small mammal deaths on roads and highways with the effective design and construction of crossing structures and barriers, according to a study conducted under the National Cooperative Highway Research Program. The project, NCHRP 25-25/Task 113, Road Passages and Barriers for Small Terrestrial Wildlife: Summary and Repository of Design Examples, includes a project summary report, presentation slides, seven case studies, a literature review report, and a report from the survey. In addition, the project developed design considerations for six categories of crossings and barriers that includes technical drawings, images, and other guidelines. The project report says that more research is needed to further determine effective crossing and barrier designs, especially for reptiles. For more information, link to the NCHRP project page. (9-23-19)

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• USFWS Revises Endangered Species Regulations

  The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has issued three final rules that adopt a suite of changes to the regulations implementing the Endangered Species Act. One rule addresses provisions that automatically give threatened species the same protections as higher-priority endangered species, to align with the National Marine Fisheries Service’s regulations. The second rule affects how the agency will consider the future when making listing decisions and designating critical habitat. The third adopts changes to some of the parameters under which other federal agencies must consult with FWS and NMFS to ensure their actions do not jeopardize the continued existence of listed species, or destroy or adversely modify critical habitat. The changes don’t apply to species that are already on the threatened list. The latter two of the rules are jointly issued with NMFS. For more information, link to the FWS ESA rule website. (8-12-19)

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• USFWS Describes Benefits of Refuges for Wildlife Corridors

  The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services has published a feature story outlining the importance of National Wildlife Refuges in connecting and maintaining wildlife corridors for birds, fish, and mammals. It discusses the use of elk jumps at National Elk Refuge in Wyoming, and planned improvements to migration corridors to be funded by grants to state and local partners in Western states. Other examples include Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, where seven road underpasses have been built to help ocelots and other small mammals, and three more tunnels are scheduled for completion soon. Additional information is provided on efforts related to fish passage, pollinators, and the Canada lynx. For more information, link to the feature story. (7-24-19)

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• Research Analyzes Best Designs for Artificial Bat Roosts

  An analysis of best mitigation design practices for artificial bat roosts on transportation structures is provided in a new report published under the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP 25-25, Task 102). The report, Artificial Bat Roost Mitigation Designs and Standardized Monitoring Criteria, provides information on how to detect the presence of bats, along with strategies to avoid, minimize, and mitigate impacts to bats from transportation projects. For more information, including the report, best practices manual, and presentation, link here. (6-18-19)

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• Study Shows Animal Detection System Can Deter Collisions

  The Virginia Department of Transportation has issued a new study on the use of buried cable animal detection systems as a way to mitigate collisions between wildlife and vehicles. The system would provide warnings to drivers when triggered by the active presence of an animal on or near the roadway. During an 11-month study period, VDOT found the system capable of detecting deer and sometimes smaller animals such as coyotes with 99% reliability. The system also performed well when covered by snow. VDOT also found that by using the buried cable connected to a flashing warning sign, approximately 80% of drivers either braked or slowed in response. For more information, link to the study. (6-20-19)

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• FWS Issues Grants to States for Coastal Protection

  The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has announced the awarding of more than $20 million to 11 coastal states to protect, restore, or enhance more than 7,000 acres of coastal wetlands and adjacent upland habitats. The funds are being awarded to 22 projects under the agency’s National Coastal Wetlands Conservation Grant Program. The projects are expected to have multiple benefits such as boosting coastal resilience, reducing flood risk, enhancing habitat, stabilizing shorelines, and protecting natural ecosystems. For more information, including descriptions of the winning projects, link to the grants web page. (5-8-19)

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• DOTs to Partner in Conservation Effort for Monarch Butterflies

  State transportation agencies would play a key role in an unprecedented conservation effort for the monarch butterfly announced by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Under the agreement, voluntary conservation efforts will be undertaken by a coalition of transportation agencies and energy companies on highway and energy rights of way in the hopes of precluding the need to list the monarch as an endangered species. In return, the agreement would provide regulatory assurances to participants that additional conservation measures would not be required if the butterfly were to be listed in the future under the Endangered Species Act. For more information, link to the FWS’ Nationwide Candidate Conservation Agreement on Energy and Transportation Lands., (4-12-19)

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• Report Identifies Urgent Situation for Western Monarch Butterfly

  A report that evaluates the key challenges to the western monarch butterfly population has been issued by the Environmental Defense Fund. The report identifies an 86 percent drop in the population since last year, and finds that the reasons for the decline involve various factors including the development impacts on habitat, pesticide exposure, climate change, parasites, and disease. The report concludes that partnerships between landowners, resource agencies, and conservation groups are necessary to reverse the decline. For more information, link to the report. (4-2-19)

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• FHWA Updates List of State DOT Pollinator-Friendly Practices

  The Federal Highway Administration has updated its list of pollinator-friendly practices in roadside vegetation management by state DOTs. There are now programs featured from 33 state DOTs, including pollinator habitat programs, guidelines, project enhancements, and vegetation management efforts. For more information, link to the State DOT Pollinator-Friendly Practices section on the FHWA Pollinators website. (2-19-19)

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• Report Highlights Wildlife Crossing Workshop and Peer Exchange

  The Federal Highway Administration has issued a summary report on an October 2018 Eco-Logical workshop held in Maggie Valley, N.C., focused on wildlife crossings. Workshop attendees shared information on wildlife data collection, data collection techniques, wildlife crossing options, and wildlife-vehicle collisions in the North Carolina/Tennessee I-40 corridor. For more information, link to the summary report. (2-5-19)

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• USFWS Proposes Recovery Plan Amendments for 42 Species

  The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has announced the availability of 26 draft recovery plan amendments for 36 endangered and six threatened plant and animal species across eight states. The agency is seeking any information that may help the agency understand the species’ biology, threats, and recovery needs; identify implementation issues and concerns; and facilitate more effective implementation. Affected states include Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, and Washington. For more information, link to the announcement and Federal Register notice. (1-30-19)

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• Comment Period Reopened on Proposal to Clarify Review Process for Critical Habitat Designations

  The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Marine Fisheries Service have announced the reopening of the comment period for an Aug. 24, 2012, proposed rule that would clarify and simplify requirements for impact analyses conducted for critical habitat designations under the Endangered Species Act. Comments now are due Feb. 6, 2013. For more information, link to the FWS Improving ESA Implementation webpage and to the Federal Register notice. (11-8-12)

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