The streamlining value of statewide program-level Section 106 programmatic agreements (PAs) is well established and studied at the national level. What is less known is the value of project-level Section 106 PAs to expedite the delivery of individual, complex transportation projects, typically those for which environmental impact statements (EISs) are being prepared for NEPA purposes. Typically such project-level PAs transform elements of the Section 106 process into post-Section 106 commitments (e.g. deferring archaeological surveys until after a preferred alternative is selected), thus allowing Section 106 to be administratively completed earlier in project development. However, the full range of how project-level Section 106 PAs are being used by state DOTs and FHWA presently is unknown, including “extreme” examples that may push the limits of what’s allowed by 36 CFR 800.