Case Law Details

Bair v. California DOT

Project Description:

This case arose from a challenge to the proposed widening of U.S. Highway 101 through Richardson Grove State Park, which contains a forest of old-growth redwood trees. Caltrans prepared the NEPA document for the project under a NEPA assignment agreement with FHWA pursuant to 23 U.S.C. § 327.

Case Number:
685 Fed. App’x 546
Court:
685 Fed. App’x 546
State:
U.S. Court of Appeals – 9th Circuit
Case Date:
03/27/2017
Project Name:
U.S. Highway 101 Widening
Project Type:
Highway

Case Summary

In a previous case, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California issued an order holding that Caltrans had not complied with NEPA and requiring additional environmental review for the project. Several years later, the plaintiffs filed a new lawsuit alleging that Caltrans had not complied with the prior order. The parties stipulated to dismiss the case without prejudice. Three months later, the plaintiffs filed a motion for attorneys’ fees pursuant to the Equal Access to Justice Act (EAJA). The district court denied the plaintiffs’ motion for attorneys’ fees, holding that (1) Caltrans was not required to pay attorneys’ fees under EAJA, even though it was acting in FHWA’s capacity, because EAJA applies only to federal agencies, and (2) the plaintiffs’ motion was filed after the 30-day deadline for filing the attorneys’ fee request. In this decision, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit upheld the district court’s decision based on the untimeliness of the plaintiffs’ motion.

Key Holdings

Attorneys’ Fees – Timeliness of Request. A request for attorneys’ fees under EAJA must be filed within 30 days of final judgment, but the plaintiffs filed their motion for attorneys’ fees three months after the district court’s order dismissing the case without prejudice pursuant to the parties’ stipulation. The plaintiffs argued that the district court’s order was not a final judgment because FHWA had the right to intervene and appeal. The court held that the order was a final judgment because it was final and appealable. The court further held that FHWA could not have intervened: “once the case was dismissed without prejudice as unripe and without any waiver of claims or defenses, there was nothing left to intervene in or to appeal from.” Finally, the court rejected the plaintiffs’ argument that the deadline should have been “tolled” (i.e., extended for reasons of fairness). The court held that tolling was not appropriate because the plaintiffs had shown “due diligence” nor had they identified any “extraordinary circumstance” that prevented a timely filing for attorneys’ fees. Attorneys’ Fees – Availability under NEPA Assignment. Because the court held that the plaintiffs had missed the deadline for filing their attorneys’ fee request, the court did not decide the issue of whether a plaintiff can obtain attorneys’ fees under EAJA against a state that has been assigned FHWA’s responsibilities under 23 U.S.C. § 327.

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