Specifically related to 404, Section 10 and EFH, structural shading effects/impacts can be difficult to quantify and thereby difficult to appropriately mitigate. This is especially relevant to coastal states whose transportation systems are ever increasing capacity and requiring larger, wider structures to accommodate volume increases in these types of ecosystems. New highways, capacity expansions or replacements are pressing projects that can be and are being delayed because of permitting/agency coordination efforts not being able to address adequately these types of impacts. This study could provide solid, verifiable data that state DOTs, in particular, could use in accurately determining impacts that may result from elevated structure construction in these various ecosystems. Non-aquatic feature impacts also play a role as secondary/cumulative impacts in permitting and agency coordination. Being able to provide similar verifiable and documented data can assist in those coordination efforts to keep projects from stalling.